| 摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Research | 第12-14页 |
| 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research | 第14-15页 |
| 1.3 Organization of the Thesis | 第15-16页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第16-29页 |
| 2.1 Formative Assessment | 第16-22页 |
| 2.1.1 Definitions of Formative Assessment | 第16-17页 |
| 2.1.2 The Common Principles of Formative Assessment | 第17-20页 |
| 2.1.3 The Methods of Formative Assessment | 第20-22页 |
| 2.2 Formative Assessment Study Abroad and at Home | 第22-29页 |
| 2.2.1 Formative Assessment Study Abroad | 第22-25页 |
| 2.2.2 Formative Assessment Study at Home | 第25-27页 |
| 2.2.3 The Comparison of Summative and Formative Assessment | 第27-29页 |
| 2.3 Overview of Washback | 第29-32页 |
| 2.3.1 Definitions of Washback | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3.2 Theoretical Basis of Washback | 第30-32页 |
| Chapter Three Research Methodology | 第32-37页 |
| 3.1 Research Objectives | 第32页 |
| 3.2 Research Questions | 第32-33页 |
| 3.3 Research Subjects | 第33页 |
| 3.4 Instruments | 第33-34页 |
| 3.4.1 Tests | 第33-34页 |
| 3.4.2 Questionnaires | 第34页 |
| 3.4.3 Classroom Observation | 第34页 |
| 3.5 Research Procedures | 第34-36页 |
| 3.6 Data Analysis | 第36-37页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussions | 第37-63页 |
| 4.1 The Students' Attitudes towards English Speaking | 第37-43页 |
| 4.1.1 Students' General Background on English Speaking | 第37-41页 |
| 4.1.2 Students' Self-reflection of English Speaking | 第41-43页 |
| 4.2 The Participants' View on Formative Assessment Before It Is Usedin Oral English Learning | 第43-48页 |
| 4.3 The Participants' View on Formative Assessment After It Is Usedin College Oral English Learning | 第48-59页 |
| 4.3.1 The Washback of Formative Assessment on EnglishSpeaking | 第49-54页 |
| 4.3.2 The Washback of Self-assessment in English Speaking | 第54-55页 |
| 4.3.3 The Washback of Peer-assessment in English Speaking | 第55-58页 |
| 4.3.4 The Washback of Formative Assessment on Self-reflectionof English Speaking | 第58-59页 |
| 4.4 The Analysis of Classroom Observation | 第59-60页 |
| 4.5 The Analysis of Pre-test and Post-test | 第60-62页 |
| 4.5.1 Analysis of the Pre-test | 第60-61页 |
| 4.5.2 Analysis of the Post-test | 第61-62页 |
| 4.6 Summary | 第62-63页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第63-69页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第63-66页 |
| 5.1.1 The Positive Washback | 第64-65页 |
| 5.1.2 The Negative Washback | 第65-66页 |
| 5.2 Implications | 第66-67页 |
| 5.3 Limitations | 第67页 |
| 5.4 Suggestions for Future Study | 第67-69页 |
| References | 第69-73页 |
| Appendix I Questionnaire I | 第73-75页 |
| Appendix II Questionnaire II | 第75-77页 |
| Appendix III Pre-test Paper | 第77-80页 |
| Appendix IV Post-test paper | 第80-83页 |
| Appendix V Students' Self-assessment and Peer-assessment Standards | 第83-84页 |
| 作者简介 | 第84-85页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第85页 |
