| ABSTRACT | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-12页 |
| Chapter 1-Introduction | 第12-43页 |
| 1.1. General background | 第12-13页 |
| 1.2. Thermal pre-treatment of coal | 第13页 |
| 1.3. Dewatering and drying technologies of coal | 第13-14页 |
| 1.3.1. Evaporative drying | 第13-14页 |
| 1.3.2. Non-evaporative drying | 第14页 |
| 1.4. Hydrothermal dewatering | 第14页 |
| 1.5. Coal and biomass co-combustion | 第14-15页 |
| 1.6. Characterization and properties of biomass | 第15-17页 |
| 1.6.1. Chemical characteristics | 第16页 |
| 1.6.2.Thermochemical characteristics | 第16-17页 |
| 1.7.Biomass and coal co-combustion technologies | 第17-18页 |
| 1.7.1. Direct co-firing | 第17-18页 |
| 1.7.2. Indirect co-firing | 第18页 |
| 1.7.3. Parallel co-firing | 第18页 |
| 1.8. Torrefaction of biomass | 第18-19页 |
| 1.9. Historical background of Selenium, its sources, global production andapplications | 第19-23页 |
| 1.10. Characteristics of Se | 第23-28页 |
| 1.10.1. Geochemical structure, physical properties and behavior of Se | 第23-24页 |
| 1.10.2. Se isoptopes and radioactivity | 第24-25页 |
| 1.10.3. Se toxicity and health | 第25-26页 |
| 1.10.4. Se deficiency | 第26-28页 |
| 1.11. Biogeochemical cycling of Se | 第28-37页 |
| 1.11.1. Se contents in soils | 第28-30页 |
| 1.11.2. Selenium in waters | 第30-33页 |
| 1.11.3. Selenium in atmosphere | 第33-35页 |
| 1.11.4. Selenium in plants | 第35-36页 |
| 1.11.5. Selenium in food system | 第36页 |
| 1.11.6. Selenium in coal | 第36-37页 |
| 1.12. Total dietary intake | 第37-39页 |
| 1.13. Scope and overall objectives | 第39-40页 |
| 1.14. The experimental route and description of the present work | 第40-43页 |
| Chapter 2-Samples and Methodology | 第43-53页 |
| 2.1. Description of the study area | 第43-45页 |
| 2.1.1. Huainan (Anhui) coal mining area | 第43-44页 |
| 2.1.2. Yunnan coal mining area | 第44页 |
| 2.1.3. Shanxi coal mining area | 第44页 |
| 2.1.4. Xinjiang coal mining area | 第44页 |
| 2.1.5. Hebei coal mining area | 第44-45页 |
| 2.2. Samples selection and preparation | 第45-46页 |
| 2.2.1. Coal samples | 第45页 |
| 2.2.2. Biomass sample | 第45-46页 |
| 2.3. Thermal pretreatment of samples | 第46-49页 |
| 2.3.1. Hydrothermal dewatering treatment of coal | 第46-47页 |
| 2.3.2. Torrefaction of biomass | 第47-49页 |
| 2.4. Samples analysis | 第49-50页 |
| 2.4.1. Proximate and ultimate analysis | 第49页 |
| 2.4.2. Thermogravemetric analysis | 第49-50页 |
| 2.5. XRD analysis | 第50页 |
| 2.6. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) | 第50页 |
| 2.7. Ramman spectroscopy | 第50-51页 |
| 2.8. XPS analysis | 第51页 |
| 2.9. Trace elements analysis | 第51-52页 |
| 2.10. Quality control and data analysis | 第52-53页 |
| Chapter 3-Hydrothermal dewatering treatment of low-rank coals | 第53-77页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第53-57页 |
| 3.1.1. Advantages and disadvantages of HTT | 第54页 |
| 3.1.2. Physical/chemical changes during HTT and previous work done | 第54-57页 |
| 3.2. Upgrading influence on coal composition | 第57-64页 |
| 3.2.1. Results of proximate and elemental analysis | 第57-61页 |
| 3.2.2. Removal of organic and inorganic material | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2.3. Influence of HTD on mineral composition | 第62-64页 |
| 3.3. Influence of HTD on coal structure | 第64-66页 |
| 3.4. Thermal analysis | 第66-75页 |
| 3.4.1. Influence of hydrothermal conditions on thermochemical results | 第66-72页 |
| 3.4.2. The kinetic study of raw and upgraded coals | 第72-75页 |
| 3.5. Summary | 第75-77页 |
| Chapter 4-Hydrothermal treatment of low-rank sub-bituminouscoal and Selenium removal and transformation | 第77-96页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第77-79页 |
| 4.2. Composition of coal | 第79-90页 |
| 4.2.1. Proximate and ultimate analysis results | 第79-83页 |
| 4.2.2. Crystallographic characteristics of coal | 第83-85页 |
| 4.2.3. Change in functional groups during hydrothermal treatment | 第85-88页 |
| 4.2.4. Change in microcrystalline structure of coal during HTT | 第88-90页 |
| 4.3. Speciation of Selenium and its interaction with functional groups | 第90-93页 |
| 4.4. Influence of HTT on Selenium | 第93-94页 |
| 4.5. Summary | 第94-96页 |
| Chapter 5-Combustion characteristics and retention-emissionbehavior of Selenium during co-firing | 第96-114页 |
| 5.1. Introduction | 第96-98页 |
| 5.1.1. Transformation behavior of toxic elements | 第96-97页 |
| 5.1.2. Thermal treatment of biomass and its advantages | 第97-98页 |
| 5.2. The physico-chemical properties of high ash coal, biomass and torrefied | 第98-100页 |
| 5.3. Thermal analysis | 第100-107页 |
| 5.3.1. The thermochemical results of individual fuel | 第100-102页 |
| 5.3.2. Combustion characteristics of fuel blends | 第102-104页 |
| 5.3.3. The kinetic study of coal, biomass, torrefied and their blends | 第104-107页 |
| 5.4. The retention-emission behavior of Selenium during co-combustion coal wothbiomass and torrefied | 第107-113页 |
| 5.5. Summary | 第113-114页 |
| Chapter 6-Major Conclusions and Innovations | 第114-117页 |
| 6.1 Major Conclusions | 第114-115页 |
| 6.1.1. Effect of hydrothermal dewatering on properties and combustion characteristics ofLRCs | 第114页 |
| 6.1.2. Hydrothermal treatment of low-rank sub-bituminous coal and Selenium removaland transformation | 第114-115页 |
| 6.1.3. Combustion characteristics and retention-emission behavior of Selenium duringco-firing | 第115页 |
| 6.2. Innovations | 第115-117页 |
| References | 第117-133页 |
| Appendix | 第133-136页 |
| List of figures | 第133-135页 |
| List of tables | 第135-136页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第136-138页 |
| The applicant profile | 第138-141页 |
| 1. The main research project during the Ph.D. degree | 第138页 |
| 2. Awards during Doctoral degree | 第138-139页 |
| 3. Research publications | 第139-141页 |
