| Acknowledgements | 第3-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4页 |
| List of tables and figures | 第7-8页 |
| Chapter One INTRODUCTION | 第8-11页 |
| 1.1 Background of the study | 第8-9页 |
| 1.2 The aim and structure of the study | 第9-11页 |
| Chapter Two ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN CHINA | 第11-15页 |
| 2.1 A brief introduction to ELT in primary schools and high schools of China | 第11-12页 |
| 2.2 ELT in colleges and universities of China | 第12-15页 |
| Chapter Three THEORIES CONCERNING LISTENING TEACHING AND LEARNING | 第15-33页 |
| 3.1 What is listening | 第15页 |
| 3.2 The important role of listening | 第15-17页 |
| 3.3 Regarding listening as complex process | 第17-27页 |
| 3.3.1 Type of knowledge for listening | 第17-21页 |
| 3.3.2 Features of spoken English | 第21-24页 |
| 3.3.3 The bottom-up, top-down and interactive model of the listening process | 第24-25页 |
| 3.3.4 Schema theory | 第25-26页 |
| 3.3.5 Memory processes | 第26-27页 |
| 3.4 Listening skills and strategies | 第27-28页 |
| 3.4.1 Listening skills | 第27-28页 |
| 3.4.2 Listening strategies | 第28页 |
| 3.5 Using technology to develop listening skills | 第28-33页 |
| 3.5.1 Low-tech and mid-tech components | 第29-30页 |
| 3.5.2 High-tech components | 第30-33页 |
| Chapter Four THE STUDY | 第33-66页 |
| 4.1 The instrument and design of the study | 第33-36页 |
| 4.1.1 The rationale for using questionnaire survey as the research instrument | 第33-34页 |
| 4.1.2 The design of the questionnaire survey | 第34-36页 |
| 4.2 Participants and the sampling method | 第36-38页 |
| 4.3 Piloting the questionnaire | 第38-39页 |
| 4.4 Data collection procedure | 第39-40页 |
| 4.5 Findings and discussion | 第40-64页 |
| 4.5.1 Statistical procedure | 第40页 |
| 4.5.2 Analysis of findings and discussion | 第40-64页 |
| 4.6 Conclusions | 第64-66页 |
| Chapter Five IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY: SUGGESTIONS ON REFORM | 第66-76页 |
| 5.1 Some key issues | 第66-69页 |
| 5.1.1 Listening is teachable | 第66页 |
| 5.1.2 Using communicative approach in listening teaching | 第66-67页 |
| 5.1.3 Listening teaching and learning should be learner-centered | 第67页 |
| 5.1.4 Listening-awareness training | 第67-68页 |
| 5.1.5 Improving learner autonomy | 第68-69页 |
| 5.2 Listening skill training and strategy instruction | 第69-71页 |
| 5.2.1 Guidelines | 第69-71页 |
| 5.2.2 An instructional framework | 第71页 |
| 5.3 Teaching model reform | 第71-76页 |
| 5.3.1 A pedagogical unified model for listening teaching | 第72-73页 |
| 5.3.2 Computer- and Web-Based multimedia self-study learning model | 第73页 |
| 5.3.3 An integrated model | 第73-76页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusions | 第76-78页 |
| Reference | 第78-83页 |
| Appendice | 第83-96页 |
| Appendix 1 ‘Bottom-up’and ‘top- down’listening ski | 第83-84页 |
| Appendix 2 Microskills of listening comprehensi | 第84-85页 |
| Appendix 3 Strategies used in listeni | 第85-86页 |
| Appendix 4 Questionnaire for English listening teaching and learni | 第86-90页 |
| Appendix 5 Factors affecting the difficulty of listening situati | 第90-91页 |
| Appendix 6 A framework for listening skill and strategy traini | 第91-92页 |
| Appendix 7 A model of second language listening comprehensi | 第92-93页 |
| Appendix 8 Checklist: dimensions of listeni | 第93-94页 |
| Appendix 9 A checklist for preparing and piloting listening materia | 第94-95页 |
| Appendix 10 Students’multimedia-based on-line learning activitie | 第95-96页 |
| Appendix 11 Pre-listening, While-listening and Post-Listening Teaching activitie | 第96页 |
