| ABSTRACT | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-10页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-12页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第10页 |
| 1.2 Purpose and significance | 第10-11页 |
| 1.3 Organization of the thesis | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第12-27页 |
| 2.1 Theoretical assumptions on appraisal theory | 第12-14页 |
| 2.2 Empirical studies on the application of appraisal theory | 第14-23页 |
| 2.3 Empirical studies on abstracts | 第23-25页 |
| 2.4 Summary | 第25-27页 |
| Chapter Three Methodology | 第27-40页 |
| 3.1 Research Questions | 第27页 |
| 3.2 Data Collection | 第27-28页 |
| 3.3 Measurement of graduation resources | 第28-38页 |
| 3.3.1 Force | 第28-34页 |
| 3.3.2 Focus | 第34-38页 |
| 3.4 Identification and annotation | 第38-39页 |
| 3.5 Data Analysis | 第39-40页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussion | 第40-65页 |
| 4.1 Quantitative differences in the frequency of graduation resources between Chinese MA abstractsand American MA abstracts | 第40-47页 |
| 4.1.1 Quantitative differences in the frequency of force resources between Chinese MA abstractsand American MA abstracts | 第40-42页 |
| 4.1.2 Quantitative differences in the frequency of focus resources between Chinese MA abstractsand American MA abstracts | 第42-43页 |
| 4.1.3 Discussion | 第43-47页 |
| 4.2 Differences in the distributional mode of graduation resources betweenChinese and American MA abstracts | 第47-64页 |
| 4.2.1 Differences in the distributional mode of force resources between Chinese and AmericanMA abstracts | 第48-54页 |
| 4.2.2 Differences in the distributional mode of focus resources between Chinese and AmericanMA abstracts | 第54-59页 |
| 4.2.3 Discussion | 第59-64页 |
| 4.3 Summary of the results | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第65-68页 |
| 5.1 Major findings | 第65-66页 |
| 5.2 Implications | 第66页 |
| 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for future Studies | 第66-68页 |
| REFERENCES | 第68-75页 |
| Appendix | 第75-80页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第80页 |
