| 摘要 | 第4-5页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第5-6页 |
| List of abbreviations | 第12-13页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第13-16页 |
| 1.1 Motivation and Objectives | 第13-15页 |
| 1.2. Organization of thesis | 第15-16页 |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE OVERVIEW | 第16-40页 |
| 2.1 Fuel generation and chemicals production derived from biomass | 第16-25页 |
| 2.1.1 Definition and composition of biomass | 第16-21页 |
| 2.1.2 Conversion strategies for lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals | 第21-25页 |
| 2.1.2.1 Properties of levulinic acid | 第23-24页 |
| 2.1.2.2 Preparation of levulinic acid from Lignocellulosic biomass | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2 Potential applications of levulinic acid and its derivatives | 第25-30页 |
| 2.2.1 Conversion of levulinic acid to valuable compounds | 第25-27页 |
| 2.2.2 Levulinic acid conversion to γ-Valerolactone | 第27-30页 |
| 2.2.2.1 Importance and properties of γ-Valerolactone | 第27-29页 |
| 2.2.2.2 Hydrogenation of Levulinic acid to gamma valerolactone | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3 Effective H/C ratio and its importance for feedstock and biofuels | 第30-32页 |
| 2.4 Catalyst Preparation Methods | 第32-34页 |
| 2.5 Reported Literature of LA hydrogenation to GVL | 第34-40页 |
| CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION | 第40-52页 |
| 3.1 Materials | 第40页 |
| 3.2 Pretreatment of Activated carbon and preparation of catalysts | 第40-42页 |
| 3.2.1 Pre-treatment of Activated carbon supporting materials | 第40页 |
| 3.2.2 Preparation of non noble metal (Cu, Ni, Mo, Co, W) based catalysts | 第40-42页 |
| 3.3 Characterization of non noble metal catalysts | 第42-47页 |
| 3.3.1 Determination of surface area by BET method | 第42-44页 |
| 3.3.2 Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) | 第44-45页 |
| 3.3.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) | 第45-47页 |
| 3.4 Catalytic experiments: Levulinic Acid (LA) Hydrogenation | 第47-51页 |
| 3.4.1 Catalytic reaction procedure | 第47-48页 |
| 3.4.2 Products analysis | 第48-51页 |
| 3.4.2.1 Gas chromatography (GC) | 第48-50页 |
| 3.4.2.2 Gas chromatograph –Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) | 第50-51页 |
| 3.5 Stability test of the metal based catalysts | 第51-52页 |
| CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第52-71页 |
| 4.1 Catalyst Synthesis and Characterization | 第52-64页 |
| 4.2 Catalytic activity and Stability of catalysts | 第64-71页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK | 第71-74页 |
| REFERENCES | 第74-85页 |
| 论文发表及参加科研情况说明 | 第85-86页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第86-88页 |
