| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第1-15页 |
| 1．1 Purpose of the dissertation | 第8-10页 |
| 1．2 Emma and its Chinese versions | 第10-15页 |
| Chapter 2 Applied theories of literary translation and translation criticism | 第15-20页 |
| 2．1 Alexander Fraser Tytler's three principles of translation | 第15-16页 |
| 2．2 Antoine Berman's theory of translation criticism | 第16-17页 |
| 2．3 Gideon Toury's “doub1e loyalty” theory | 第17-18页 |
| 2．4 Friedrich Schleiermacher's “two roads” theory | 第18-20页 |
| Chapter 3 A comparison of the translators' fulfillment of their responsibilities | 第20-56页 |
| 3．1 “Transcript of the idea of the original work” | 第20-32页 |
| 3．1．1 Shifts in ideological content | 第21-27页 |
| 3．1．2 Illogical rendering | 第27-29页 |
| 3．1．3 Cultural misleadingness | 第29-32页 |
| 3．2 Reproduction of the style of the original | 第32-46页 |
| 3．2．1 The author's and the translator's style | 第33-34页 |
| 3．2．2 Reproduction of the humorous 1anguage of Emma | 第34-40页 |
| 3．2．3 Reproduction of the characteristics of Emma's dialogues | 第40-46页 |
| 3．3 “The ease of the original composition” | 第46-56页 |
| 3．3．1 Awkwardness of syntax | 第46-51页 |
| 3．3．2 Unusual combinations of words | 第51-56页 |
| Chapter 4 A comparison of the translators' methods | 第56-68页 |
| 4．1 Two different methods | 第56-60页 |
| 4．1．1 Foreignization and domestication | 第56-58页 |
| 4．1．2 Two extremes | 第58-60页 |
| 4．1．2．1 Over-foreignization | 第58页 |
| 4．1．2．2 Over-domestication | 第58-60页 |
| 4．2 The translators' preference | 第60-68页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第68-73页 |
