| 中文摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-8页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第14-16页 |
| PART 1: LITERATURE REVIEW | 第16-45页 |
| CHAPTER 1 ANTIBIOTIC | 第16-30页 |
| 1.1 Definition of antibiotic | 第16页 |
| 1.2 β-lactam antibiotic and its Source and classification | 第16-18页 |
| 1.3 β-lactamase inhibitor and its function | 第18页 |
| 1.4 Mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics on bacterial cell wall synthesis | 第18-20页 |
| 1.5 Resistant mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics | 第20-30页 |
| CHAPTER 2 B-LACTAMASE | 第30-40页 |
| 2.1 beta lactamase enzyme and its origin and classification | 第30-33页 |
| 2.2 ESBL and its types | 第33-34页 |
| 2.3 AmpC beta lactamase and its types | 第34-35页 |
| 2.4 The induction properties of AmpC P-lactamase | 第35-36页 |
| 2.5 Epidemiology of ESBL and plasmid mediated AmpC P-lactamase | 第36-37页 |
| 2.6 Modes of Spread of strains producing ESBL and pAmpC β-lactamase | 第37-38页 |
| 2.7 Prevention, control and treatment of strains producing ESBL and pAmpC beta lactamase | 第38-40页 |
| 3. KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE | 第40-43页 |
| 3.1 Morphology, culture character and bio-chemical test of K. pneumoniae | 第40-41页 |
| 3.2 Pathogenicity of K. pneumonia | 第41-43页 |
| Literature summary and importance of Thesis | 第43-45页 |
| PART 2 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY | 第45-85页 |
| CHAPTER 1. MATERIAL AND INSTRUMENTS FOR EXPERIMENT | 第45-51页 |
| 1. MATERIALS | 第45-49页 |
| 1.1 Bacterial Strains | 第45页 |
| 1.2 Reagents | 第45-49页 |
| 1.3 Instrument and Equipments | 第49页 |
| 2. METHODS | 第49-51页 |
| 2.1 Isolation and Identification of K. pneumoniae | 第49-50页 |
| 2.2 The drug susceptibility test | 第50-51页 |
| CHAPTER 3. METHOD OF DETECTION OF ESBL AND AMPC-BETA LACTAMASE | 第51-63页 |
| 3.1 Phenotyping screening and confirmatory test | 第51-53页 |
| 3.2 Genotyping test of ESBL and ampC beta lactamase | 第53-55页 |
| 3.3 DNA cloning and sequencing | 第55-63页 |
| CHAPTER 4. RESULTS | 第63-80页 |
| 4.1 Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical sample | 第63页 |
| 4.2 The resistant rate of the clinical isolated of Klebsiella pneumoniae | 第63-65页 |
| 4.3 The phenotypic detection of ESBLs or/and ampC producing strains | 第65-67页 |
| 4.4 The resistant phenotype of β-lactamase (ESBL/pAmpC) strains | 第67-71页 |
| 4.5 ESBLs and pAmpC β-lactamase genotyping | 第71-73页 |
| 4.6 TA cloning and sequencing analysis of ESBLs | 第73-75页 |
| 4.7 DNA sequencing results | 第75-80页 |
| CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION | 第80-85页 |
| REFERENCES | 第85-99页 |
| ARTICLES | 第99-100页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第100页 |
