| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-11页 |
| Introduction | 第11-15页 |
| Chapter One Literature Review | 第15-21页 |
| ·A Review of the Researches on Pragmatic Failure in Western Countries | 第15-19页 |
| ·A Review of the Researches on Pragmatic Failure in China | 第19-21页 |
| Chapter Two Theoretical Basis of the Study of Pragmatic Failure | 第21-27页 |
| ·Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication | 第21-22页 |
| ·Cooperative Principle | 第22-24页 |
| ·Politeness Principle | 第24-27页 |
| Chapter Three Manifestations of Pragmatic Failure | 第27-45页 |
| ·Communicative Failure | 第27-32页 |
| ·Disrespect or Impoliteness | 第32-37页 |
| ·Asking others' name directly while meeting for the first time | 第33页 |
| ·Refusing praise or compliments | 第33-34页 |
| ·Taking an invitation as a demand | 第34-35页 |
| ·Refusing others flatly | 第35页 |
| ·Using advisory language for regards | 第35-36页 |
| ·Saying "old" to senior westerners | 第36-37页 |
| ·Inappropriateness | 第37-42页 |
| ·Taking no account of others' position while speaking | 第37-39页 |
| ·Improper appellatives | 第39-40页 |
| ·Making no comment when talking about the weather | 第40-41页 |
| ·No pre-concluding and concluding remarks in ending up a conversation | 第41页 |
| ·Taking written language for spoken language | 第41-42页 |
| ·Making Others Lose Face | 第42-43页 |
| ·Violating Social Morals | 第43-45页 |
| Chapter Four An Analysis of the Cause of Pragmatic Failure | 第45-65页 |
| ·Lack of Knowledge | 第46-57页 |
| ·Lack of linguistic knowledge | 第47-50页 |
| ·Lack of pragmatic knowledge | 第50-53页 |
| ·Lack of cultural knowledge | 第53-57页 |
| ·Pragmatic Transfer | 第57-61页 |
| ·Pragmalinguistic transfer | 第58-59页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic transfer | 第59-61页 |
| ·Lack of Cultivation | 第61-63页 |
| ·Pragmatic Overgeneralization | 第63页 |
| ·Social Misguidance | 第63-65页 |
| Chapter Five Suggestions for Avoiding Pragmatic Failure | 第65-77页 |
| ·Pragmatic Competence Cultivation | 第65-67页 |
| ·The relevance of pragmatic knowledge to language teaching | 第65-66页 |
| ·Classroom teaching of contextual awareness | 第66-67页 |
| ·Sepecific Strategies for Prevention from Pragmatic Failure | 第67-77页 |
| ·Conforming to conventions of the target culture | 第68-71页 |
| ·Awareness of context | 第71-72页 |
| ·Observation of the Cooperative Principle | 第72-74页 |
| ·Roundabout ways of expression | 第74-75页 |
| ·Respect for others | 第75-77页 |
| Conclusion | 第77-79页 |
| Bibliography | 第79-85页 |
| Appendix | 第85-87页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第87-88页 |
