| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8-9页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第14-18页 |
| CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION | 第18-21页 |
| 1.1.JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY | 第18-20页 |
| 1.2.GENERAL HYPOTHESIS | 第20页 |
| 1.3.GENERAL OBJECTIVES | 第20-21页 |
| CHAPTER 2.LITERATURE REVIEW | 第21-56页 |
| 2.1.Dry matter intake during the transition period | 第21-23页 |
| 2.1.1.Transition period | 第21-22页 |
| 2.1.2.Dry matter intake | 第22页 |
| 2.1.3.Regulation of dry matter intake | 第22-23页 |
| 2.2.Dietary energy and energy metabolism | 第23-31页 |
| 2.2.1.Dietary energy requirement of dairy cows | 第26-27页 |
| 2.2.2.Feeding of dietary energy density to dairy cows during the far-off period | 第27-28页 |
| 2.2.3.Feeding of dietary energy density to dairy cows during the close-up period | 第28-29页 |
| 2.2.4.Negative energy balance | 第29-30页 |
| 2.2.5.Gluconeogenesis | 第30-31页 |
| 2.3.Energy metabolites | 第31-35页 |
| 2.3.1.Concentrations of free fatty acids | 第32-33页 |
| 2.3.2.Fatty Liver | 第33-34页 |
| 2.3.3.Ketogenesis | 第34-35页 |
| 2.4.Biomarkers of blood metabolites of liver functions | 第35-37页 |
| 2.5.Dietary lipids and fat metabolism | 第37-42页 |
| 2.5.1.Digestion of dietary lipids | 第37-41页 |
| 2.5.2.Carnitine biosynthesis | 第41页 |
| 2.5.3.Functions of carnitine | 第41-42页 |
| 2.6.Oxidative stress and antioxidant status | 第42-44页 |
| 2.7.Dietary protein and protein metabolism | 第44-51页 |
| 2.7.1.Essential and non-essential amino acids | 第45页 |
| 2.7.2.Dietary protein requirement | 第45-46页 |
| 2.7.3.Protein metabolism | 第46-49页 |
| 2.7.4.Limiting Amino acids | 第49页 |
| 2.7.5.Rumen-Protected Lysine | 第49-51页 |
| 2.8.Implications of milk urea and blood urea nitrogen | 第51-52页 |
| 2.9.Interrelationship of body condition score and milk production | 第52-53页 |
| 2.10.Causes of periparturient immunosuppression | 第53-56页 |
| 2.10.1.Energy metabolites and immunosuppression | 第53-54页 |
| 2.10.2.Factors contribute to immune-suppression during the transition period | 第54-56页 |
| CHAPTER 3.EFFECTS OF CLOSE-UP DIETARY ENERGY LEVEL AND SUPPLEMENTING RUMEN-PROTECTED LYSINE ON ENERGY METABOLITES AND MILK PRODUCTION IN TRANSITION COWS | 第56-83页 |
| 3.1.INTRODUCTION | 第57-59页 |
| 3.2.MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第59-66页 |
| 3.2.1.Experimental design and experimental cows | 第59-60页 |
| 3.2.3.Dietary treatment rations and cows housing | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.4.Sampling,measurements,and analysis | 第61-64页 |
| 3.2.5.Statistical analysis | 第64-66页 |
| 3.3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第66-82页 |
| 3.3.1.Pre and postpartum dry matter intake | 第66-71页 |
| 3.3.2.Effects on free fatty acid concentrations | 第71-74页 |
| 3.3.3.Effects onβ-hydroxybutyrate concentrations | 第74-76页 |
| 3.3.4.Effects on milk yield and composition | 第76-82页 |
| 3.4.CONCLUSIONS | 第82-83页 |
| CHAPTER 4.EVALUATION OF BIOMARKERS OF BLOOD METABOLITES AND LIVER FUNCTIONS IN DAIRY COWS FED PRE-PARTUM ENERGY DENSITY AND RUMEN-PROTECTED LYSINE DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD | 第83-107页 |
| 4.1.INTRODUCTION | 第84-86页 |
| 4.2.MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第86-88页 |
| 4.2.1.Experimental design and experimental cows | 第86页 |
| 4.2.2.Blood samples collection and plasma metabolites analyses | 第86-87页 |
| 4.2.3.Statistical analysis | 第87-88页 |
| 4.3.RESULTS | 第88-98页 |
| 4.3.1.Effects on glucose and insulin concentrations | 第88-92页 |
| 4.3.2.Effects on plasma albumin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations | 第92-93页 |
| 4.3.3.Effects on plasma IGF-1and total bilirubin concentrations | 第93-95页 |
| 4.3.4.Effects on ALT,AST,TC and TG concentrations | 第95-98页 |
| 4.4.DISCUSSION | 第98-106页 |
| 4.5.CONCLUSIONS | 第106-107页 |
| CHAPTER 5.EVALUATION OF MALONDIALDEHYDE CONCENTRATIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN DAIRY COWS FED CLOSE-UP ENERGY DENSITY AND RUMEN-PROTECTED LYSINE DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD | 第107-125页 |
| 5.1.INTRODUCTION | 第108-110页 |
| 5.2.MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第110-113页 |
| 5.2.1.Experimental design and dietary treatment rations | 第110页 |
| 5.2.2.Blood samples collections and analysis of antioxidant status in blood serum | 第110-111页 |
| 5.2.3.Analysis of antioxidant status and malondialdehyde in blood serum | 第111-112页 |
| 5.2.4.Statistical analysis | 第112-113页 |
| 5.3.RESULTS | 第113-119页 |
| 5.3.1.Effects on blood serum superoxide dismutase activity | 第114-116页 |
| 5.3.2.Effects on serum glutathione peroxidase activity | 第116-117页 |
| 5.3.3.Effects on serum total antioxidant capacity | 第117-118页 |
| 5.3.4.Effects on serum malondialdehyde concentrations | 第118-119页 |
| 5.4.DISCUSSIONS | 第119-124页 |
| 5.5.CONCLUSIONS | 第124-125页 |
| CHAPTER 6.RELATIONSHIP OF CLOSE-UP COWS BODY WEIGHT,BODY CONDITION SCORE WITH COWS PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE,ANDΒ-HYDROXYBUTYRATE LEVELS DURING EARLY LACTATION | 第125-142页 |
| 6.1.INTRODUCTION | 第126-128页 |
| 6.2.MATERIALS AND METHOD | 第128-130页 |
| 6.2.1.Experimental design and selection of experimental cows | 第128-129页 |
| 6.2.2.Blood samples collection | 第129页 |
| 6.2.3.Milk samples collection | 第129-130页 |
| 6.2.4.Statistical analysis | 第130页 |
| 6.3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第130-141页 |
| 6.3.1.Correlation of close-up BCS with milk yield and composition during early lactation | 第132-133页 |
| 6.3.2.Correlation of BCS with,BHBA,milk yield,and compositions in early lactation | 第133-136页 |
| 6.3.3.Correction of BHBA with milk yield and composition during early lactation | 第136-139页 |
| 6.3.4.Relationship of close-up cows body weight with BCS,milk yield and compositions | 第139-141页 |
| 6.4.CONCLUSIONS | 第141-142页 |
| CHAPTER 7.GENERAL CONCLUSIONS | 第142-145页 |
| REFERENCES | 第145-177页 |
| APPENDIX | 第177-184页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第184-186页 |
| AUTHOR'S RESUME | 第186-189页 |
