| Acknowledgements | 第8-10页 |
| Abbreviations | 第10-16页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第16-18页 |
| 摘要 | 第19-21页 |
| CHAPTER 1 General Introduction and Review of Literature | 第21-28页 |
| 1.1 Cadmium in Soil | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2 Effect of Cd on essential trace metals bioavailability in the soil | 第22-23页 |
| 1.3 Cadmium in Food and Dietary toxicity | 第23-24页 |
| 1.4 Bioaccessibility of Cd to human | 第24页 |
| 1.5 Remediation of Cd contaminated soils through Amendments | 第24-26页 |
| 1.6 Using biochar as soil amendment | 第26-28页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of Cd in low and high Cd uptake affinity Cultivars of Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis L.(pakchoi)using an in vitro physiologically based extraction test | 第28-41页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第28-29页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第29-32页 |
| 2.2.1 Soil characterization and contamination | 第29-30页 |
| 2.2.2 Mehlich-3 extraction of Cd | 第30页 |
| 2.2.3 Plants growth and Cd determination in shoots | 第30-31页 |
| 2.2.4 Physiologically-based extraction test(PBET) | 第31页 |
| 2.2.5 Calculation of bioaccessibility | 第31-32页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical Analysis | 第32页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第32-38页 |
| 2.3.1 Availability of soil Cd | 第32页 |
| 2.3.2 Dry biomass and Cadmium concentration in plant shoots | 第32-34页 |
| 2.3.3 Bioaccessibility of Cd from pak choi cultivars through PBET | 第34-38页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第38-39页 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 第39-41页 |
| CHAPTER 3 Study of Ultrastructural localization of cadmium,plant growth parameters and amino acid contents in two Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L.(pak choi)cultivars differing in cadmium accumulation | 第41-61页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第41-42页 |
| 3.2 Material and Method | 第42-44页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第42页 |
| 3.2.2 Morphological parameters | 第42-43页 |
| 3.2.3 Determination of Cd contents | 第43页 |
| 3.2.4 Leaf gas exchange analysis | 第43页 |
| 3.2.5 Free amino acids analysis | 第43页 |
| 3.2.6 Transmission electron microscopy | 第43-44页 |
| 3.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第44页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第44-57页 |
| 3.3.1 Effects of Cd on the plant growth | 第44-45页 |
| 3.3.2 Cd contents in the plants | 第45页 |
| 3.3.3 Effects of Cd on photosynthetic parameters | 第45-48页 |
| 3.3.4 Free amino acids in plants | 第48页 |
| 3.3.5 Cd-toxicity induces ultrastructural changes | 第48-57页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第57-60页 |
| 3.5 Conclusion | 第60-61页 |
| CHAPTER 4 Effect of humic acid amendment on cadmium bioavailability and accumulation by pak Choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L.)to alleviate dietary toxicity risk | 第61-75页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第61-62页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第62-64页 |
| 4.2.1 Study sites and soil material collection | 第62页 |
| 4.2.2 Pot experiment | 第62-63页 |
| 4.2.3 Analysis of Cd in the soils and plants samples | 第63页 |
| 4.2.4 Statistical analysis | 第63-64页 |
| 4.3 Results and discussion | 第64-73页 |
| 4.3.1 Effect of HA-amendment on soil characteristics | 第64页 |
| 4.3.2 Effect of HA-amendment on soil Cd bioavailability | 第64-68页 |
| 4.3.3 Effect of HA on plant dry biomass | 第68页 |
| 4.3.4 Soil Cd thresholds with HA amendment for potential dietary toxicity risk in pak choi | 第68-69页 |
| 4.3.5 Effect of HA-amendment on Cd accumulation in pak choi | 第69-73页 |
| 4.4 Conclusion | 第73-75页 |
| Chapter 5 Impact of Different Feedstocks Derived Biochar Amendment with Cadmium Low uptake Affinity Cultivar of pak choi(Brassica rapa ssb.chinensis L.)on Phytoavoidation of Cd to reduce potential dietary toxicity | 第75-97页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第75-77页 |
| 5.2 Materials and Methods | 第77-80页 |
| 5.2.1 Biochar production and physicochemical characterization | 第77-78页 |
| 5.2.2 Soil and amendments | 第78页 |
| 5.2.3 Mehlich-3 extraction | 第78页 |
| 5.2.4 Plant and greenhouse experiment | 第78-79页 |
| 5.2.5 Metal analysis of soil and plant samples | 第79页 |
| 5.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第79-80页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第80-88页 |
| 5.3.1 Characteristics of biochar | 第80-82页 |
| 5.3.2 Effect of biochar on soil pH | 第82页 |
| 5.3.3 Effect of biochar on Cd and trace metals bioavailability | 第82-83页 |
| 5.3.4 Effect of biochar and cultivars on Cd accumulation | 第83-84页 |
| 5.3.5 Effect of biochar amendment on essential trace metals accumulation | 第84页 |
| 5.3.6 Effect of biochar on dry biomass of cultivars | 第84-88页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第88-95页 |
| 5.5 Conclusion | 第95-97页 |
| CHAPTER 6 Cow manure and cow manure-derived biochar application as a soil amendment for reducing cadmium availability and accumulation by pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L.)in acidic red soil | 第97-112页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第97-98页 |
| 6.2 Materials and methods | 第98-101页 |
| 6.2.1 Biochar production and characterization | 第98-99页 |
| 6.2.2 Mehlich-3 extraction for analysis of soil nutrients | 第99-100页 |
| 6.2.3 Soil Preparation | 第100页 |
| 6.2.4 Plant and greenhouse experiments | 第100页 |
| 6.2.5 Analysis of Cd and trace metals in plants and soil | 第100-101页 |
| 6.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第101页 |
| 6.3 Results | 第101-107页 |
| 6.3.1 Characteristics of cow manure-derived biochar | 第101-104页 |
| 6.3.2 Plant dry biomass in CMB and CM amended soils | 第104-106页 |
| 6.3.3 Bioaccumulation of Cd and trace metals in pak choi | 第106-107页 |
| 6.4 Discussion | 第107-111页 |
| 6.5 Conclusion | 第111-112页 |
| CHAPTER 7 | 第112-114页 |
| 7.1 Major Findings and Future Perspectives | 第112-114页 |
| 7.1.1 Major Findings | 第112-113页 |
| 7.1.2 Future Perspectives | 第113-114页 |
| References | 第114-137页 |
| List of publications | 第137页 |
