| ABSTRACT | 第1-11页 |
| 摘要 | 第11-14页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第14-37页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第37-46页 |
| ·Statement of Objectives | 第42-44页 |
| ·Why this oil spill modeling and simulation research is important for Guinean marineenvironment | 第42-44页 |
| ·Research Methodology and Techniques | 第44-46页 |
| 2. Literature Review and Background | 第46-104页 |
| ·Characteristics and fate of oil spill at sea | 第47-53页 |
| ·Oil spill behavior | 第48-49页 |
| ·Fate and Movement of Oil in Marine Environment | 第49-51页 |
| ·Long-term Fate of Oil on Shore | 第51-52页 |
| ·Cleanup and Recovery | 第52-53页 |
| ·Costs and Prevention | 第53页 |
| ·Damage caused by the oil spilling to ocean environment | 第53-59页 |
| ·Effects of oil on coastal activities and physical structure | 第54页 |
| ·Effects of oil on organism | 第54-59页 |
| ·Evaluation research actuality technology of the damage on oceanenvironment resource caused by oil spill | 第59-63页 |
| ·Quantitative model of environment resource damage caused by oil spill | 第63-69页 |
| ·Oil spill situation in the world and African specific case | 第69-83页 |
| ·State-of-the Oil spill research in the world | 第72-83页 |
| ·Number and Amount Spilt | 第72-76页 |
| ·Damages | 第76-77页 |
| ·Cases and Major Oil Spill | 第77-80页 |
| ·Quantities of Oil Spilt | 第80-82页 |
| ·Causes of Spills | 第82-83页 |
| ·Legal structure and regulations of oil spill | 第83-90页 |
| ·IMO and protecting the marine environment | 第87-88页 |
| ·Regulations concerning operational discharge of oily wastes by ships | 第88页 |
| ·Regulations concerning the prevention of accidental pollution | 第88-89页 |
| ·Compensation regime after oil spills caused by oil tankers | 第89-90页 |
| ·Management of oil spill | 第90-93页 |
| ·Oil Spill prevention techniques and controls | 第93-100页 |
| ·Oil spill Prevention Techniques | 第93-97页 |
| ·Shoreline type | 第94页 |
| ·Biological Resources | 第94-95页 |
| ·Human-use resources | 第95-97页 |
| ·Oil Spill Control Methods | 第97-100页 |
| ·Mechanical containment | 第98页 |
| ·Mechanical recovery | 第98-99页 |
| ·Application agents | 第99页 |
| ·Biodegradation | 第99-100页 |
| ·Specific African oil spill case | 第100-104页 |
| 3. Guinean waters background | 第104-129页 |
| ·Natural coastal and marine environment condition | 第105-114页 |
| ·Wind and swell | 第107-108页 |
| ·Masses air and winds | 第108-109页 |
| ·Marine temperature | 第109-110页 |
| ·Salinity | 第110-111页 |
| ·Masses water and coastal currents | 第111-112页 |
| ·River flows | 第112页 |
| ·Rainfall | 第112-113页 |
| ·Tide and coastal currents | 第113页 |
| ·Mud | 第113-114页 |
| ·Sensitive area | 第114-126页 |
| ·Ecosystem | 第114-118页 |
| ·Ecosystem of mangrove | 第114-116页 |
| ·Ecosystem estuarine | 第116页 |
| ·Ecosystem ofthe close coastal troop | 第116-118页 |
| ·Marine ecosystem | 第118页 |
| ·Coastal terrestrial habitats | 第118-120页 |
| ·Zone of mangrove | 第118页 |
| ·Ramsar sites | 第118-120页 |
| ·Estuaries | 第120页 |
| ·Forests of mangroves and coastal marshes | 第120-121页 |
| ·Extended grasses marine and flora under marine | 第121页 |
| ·Sediments and habitats muddy bottom | 第121-122页 |
| ·Rock coasts and habitats of hard sea-bed | 第122-123页 |
| ·Coastal habitats of the pelagic species and zones of upwelling | 第123-126页 |
| ·Physical characteristics of Guinean coasts | 第126-129页 |
| 4. Oil spill modelling | 第129-147页 |
| ·Oil weathering models(oil spill processes) | 第130-135页 |
| ·Spreading | 第130-131页 |
| ·Advection and horizontal turbulent diffusion | 第131-132页 |
| ·Verticales dispersions | 第132页 |
| ·Evaporation | 第132-133页 |
| ·Dissolution | 第133页 |
| ·Emulsifications | 第133-134页 |
| ·Oil shoreline interactions | 第134-135页 |
| ·Development of three-dimensional oil spill model | 第135-137页 |
| ·Hydrodynamic models | 第137-144页 |
| ·Numerical solution | 第138-141页 |
| ·Sailing effect | 第141页 |
| ·Stokes drift | 第141-142页 |
| ·Tidal current | 第142页 |
| ·Background currents | 第142页 |
| ·Shallow water equations | 第142-143页 |
| ·Transport equations for salt and temperature | 第143页 |
| ·Transport equations for a scalar quantity | 第143-144页 |
| ·Environmental condition module | 第144-145页 |
| ·Transport module | 第145-147页 |
| 5. Oil spill cases application in Guinean waters | 第147-191页 |
| ·Oil spill model simulation application for Conakry Guinean waters | 第147-168页 |
| ·Simulation of sea surface oil | 第148-151页 |
| ·Simulation of oil in water column | 第151-155页 |
| ·Weathering module | 第155页 |
| ·Simulation of 3-D tidal currents and wind waves | 第155-156页 |
| ·Simulation of the transport of the sea surface oil slick | 第156页 |
| ·Simulation of the area of thick oil after spill | 第156-164页 |
| ·Simulation of oil mass balance(XY) on the sea surface after 24h | 第164-168页 |
| ·Simulation of Poseidon operational tool for the prediction of floatingpollutant transport in Konkoure river estuary,Guinea | 第168-191页 |
| ·Konkoure river estuary and data analysis | 第170-173页 |
| ·Poseidon model description | 第173-177页 |
| ·Basic assumptions and initial spreading | 第173-174页 |
| ·Pollutants advection | 第174页 |
| ·Horizontal and vertical diffusion | 第174-175页 |
| ·Evaporation | 第175页 |
| ·Emulsifications | 第175-176页 |
| ·Beaching and Sedimentation | 第176-177页 |
| ·Current and tide | 第177-179页 |
| ·Abiotic parameters | 第179-181页 |
| ·Turbidity | 第179-180页 |
| ·Temperature | 第180页 |
| ·pH | 第180页 |
| ·Dissolved oxygen | 第180页 |
| ·Salinity | 第180-181页 |
| ·Simulation system application | 第181-191页 |
| 6. Guinean oil spill risks assessment | 第191-239页 |
| ·Oil spill Stochastic Model simulation for Probabilistic Risk Assessment(wind directionstochastic condition | 第191-226页 |
| ·Sample spill location | 第191-192页 |
| ·Application to Conakry Guinean consts waters | 第192-207页 |
| ·Several spill location | 第207-213页 |
| ·Application in Conakry Guinean waters | 第213-226页 |
| ·Oil spill typical scenario(wind direction determiniting condition) | 第226-239页 |
| ·Environmental data and oil spill risks concentration | 第229-233页 |
| ·Hydrodynamic model | 第233-237页 |
| ·Sediment concentration fields after 2h | 第237-239页 |
| 7. Guinean oil spill response information system and contingency planning | 第239-272页 |
| ·Sensitivity analysis | 第240-241页 |
| ·Development of oil and gas exploration,exploitation and transportation | 第241-246页 |
| ·Oil and Gas reserves in Guinean coasts | 第243-245页 |
| ·Oil spill incidents in Guinea | 第245-246页 |
| ·System architecture | 第246-247页 |
| ·System numerical models | 第247-259页 |
| ·Hydrodynamic model | 第247页 |
| ·Transports and fate model | 第247-252页 |
| ·Spreading | 第248-252页 |
| ·Number of particles for representing the surface slick | 第252页 |
| ·Effectiveness of response equipment | 第252-256页 |
| ·Mechanical response | 第252-255页 |
| ·Chemical response | 第255-256页 |
| ·Search criteria for response actions | 第256-259页 |
| ·Mechanical response | 第257-258页 |
| ·Chemical response | 第258页 |
| ·Limit for biological effects | 第258-259页 |
| ·Current and spill concentration transport simulation | 第259-268页 |
| ·Oil spill response and contingency planning | 第268-272页 |
| 8. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第272-278页 |
| REFERENCES | 第278-299页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATION PAPERS | 第299-301页 |
| BIOGRAPHY | 第301页 |
