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Electroacupuncture Provides Analgesia in Combination with Dexmedetomidine and Regulates Phospho-ERK1/2 Expression in the Central Nervous System

摘要第8-10页
Abstract第10-11页
Abbreviations第12-14页
Chapter 1.Introduction第14-34页
    1.1 Acupuncture Analgesia第14-17页
    1.2 Alpha2 agonists and its application in Small Ruminants第17-25页
        1.2.1 Alpha2 adrenoceptor subtypes and their agonists第18-19页
        1.2.2 Uses of alpha2 adrenergic agonists第19-21页
            1.2.2.1 Sedative effects第19页
            1.2.2.2 Analgesic effects第19-20页
            1.2.2.3 Anesthetic sparing effects第20-21页
        1.2.3 Side effects of alpha2 agonists第21-24页
            1.2.3.1 Cardiovascular effects第21-22页
            1.2.3.2 Respiratory effects第22-23页
            1.2.3.3 Other side effects of alpha2 agonists第23-24页
        1.2.4 Antagonism第24-25页
    1.3 Acupuncture-drug balanced analgesia第25-27页
    1.4 The mitogen-activated protein kinases第27-33页
        1.4.1 Extracellular signal regulated kinases第28-29页
        1.4.2 Phosphorylation of Extracellular signal regulated kinases第29-30页
        1.4.3 ERK and pain第30-33页
            1.4.3.1 Activation of ERKs in primary afferent neurons第30页
            1.4.3.2 Activation of ERKs in spinal cord neurons第30-32页
            1.4.3.3 Activation of ERKs in the brain第32-33页
    1.5 Objectives of the proposed research第33-34页
        1.5.1 Objective-1:(program-1)第33页
        1.5.2 Objectives-2:(program-2)第33-34页
Chapter 2.Physiological and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined withintramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine to provide analgesia in goats第34-51页
    2.1 Materials and methods第35-39页
        2.1.1 Animal preparation第35页
        2.1.2 Experimental design第35-36页
        2.1.3 Electroacupuncture第36-37页
        2.1.4 Physiologic variables第37-38页
        2.1.5 Hematological and biochemical parameters第38页
        2.1.6 Statistical analysis第38-39页
    2.2 Results第39-47页
        2.2.1 Sedative and analgesic effects第39-40页
        2.2.2 Cardiorespiratory functions and rectal temperatures第40-42页
        2.2.3 Biochemical and hematological parameters第42-47页
    2.3 Discussion第47-51页
Chapter 3.Effect of Electroacupuncture on Activation of ERK1/2-IR cells in the CentralNervous System of Rats with Inflammatory Pain第51-64页
    3.1 Material and Method第52-56页
        3.1.1 Animals and grouping第52-53页
        3.1.2 Eletroacupuncture treatment第53页
        3.1.3 Measurement of paw volume第53-54页
        3.1.4 Paw withdrawal thresholds第54页
        3.1.5 Immunohistochemistry第54-56页
        3.1.6 Statistical analysis第56页
    3.2 Results第56-60页
        3.2.1 Effects of EA on CFA induced Paw Edema in Rats第56-57页
        3.2.2 Effects of EA on CFA induced PWTs in Rats第57-58页
        3.2.3 Effect of EA on Phosphor-pERK1/2-Immunoreactivity(pERK1/2-IR) Expression in the Spinal Dorsal Horn in CFA Rats第58-59页
        3.2.4 Effect of EA on Phosphor-pERK1/2-Immunoreactivity(pERK1/2-IR) Expression in the NRM and GiA Nuclei or area in CFA Rats第59页
        3.2.5 Effect of EA on Phosphor-pERK1/2-Immunoreactivity(pERK1/2-IR) Expression in the Gi nucleus or area in CFA Rats第59-60页
    3.3 Discussion第60-64页
4 Conclusions第64-65页
References第65-89页
Immunohistochemistry Pictures第89-98页
Acknowledgements第98-101页
Dedications第101-102页
Appendix第102-103页

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