| 摘要 | 第1-5页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第5-7页 |
| List of Tables | 第7-8页 |
| List of Figures | 第8-9页 |
| List of Appendices | 第9-12页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第12-14页 |
| ·Background Information of the Study | 第12页 |
| ·Significancc of the Study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Structure of the Thesis | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第14-30页 |
| ·Definitions of Washback | 第14-15页 |
| ·Classification of Washback | 第15-17页 |
| ·General and Specific Washback | 第15-16页 |
| ·Strong and Weak Washback | 第16页 |
| ·Short-term and Long-term Washback | 第16页 |
| ·Unintended and Intended Washback | 第16页 |
| ·Positive and Negative Washback | 第16-17页 |
| ·Related Theories | 第17-23页 |
| ·Hughes' PPP Washback Model | 第17-18页 |
| ·Alderson and Wall's Washback Hypothesis | 第18-19页 |
| ·Bailey's Model of Washback | 第19-20页 |
| ·Burrows' Model of Washback | 第20页 |
| ·Shih's Model of Washback | 第20-21页 |
| ·Chen Xiaokou's Model of Washback | 第21-23页 |
| ·Previous Researches | 第23-28页 |
| ·Researches on Washback Abroad | 第23-24页 |
| ·Researches on Washback in China | 第24-27页 |
| ·Comments on the Previous Research | 第27-28页 |
| ·TEM4 and Current Washback Research | 第28-30页 |
| ·Brief Introduction of TEM4 | 第28-29页 |
| ·TEM4 Washback Research | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Methods and Design | 第30-37页 |
| ·Research Purpose | 第30页 |
| ·Methods and Procedures | 第30-36页 |
| ·Questionnaire Survey | 第31-34页 |
| ·Classroom Observations | 第34-35页 |
| ·Interviews | 第35-36页 |
| ·Data Analysis | 第36-37页 |
| Chapter 4 Research Results and Discussion | 第37-63页 |
| ·Washback on Teachers | 第37-46页 |
| ·Influence on Teaching Policy of Department | 第37-38页 |
| ·Psychological Influence on Teachers | 第38-39页 |
| ·Influence on Teachers' Perceptions of Teaching Assessment | 第39-41页 |
| ·Influence on Teaching Contents | 第41-43页 |
| ·Influence on Ways of Teaching | 第43-45页 |
| ·Comments on the TEM4 Washback Effects on Teachers' Teaching | 第45-46页 |
| ·Washbak on Students | 第46-55页 |
| ·Influence on Students' Psychology | 第46-49页 |
| ·Influence on Students' Perceptions of the Learning Assessment | 第49-51页 |
| ·Influence on What Students Learn | 第51-53页 |
| ·Influence on How Students Learn | 第53-55页 |
| ·Different Washback on Students with Different Language Foundations | 第55-61页 |
| ·Causes of Negative Washback | 第61-63页 |
| ·Causes of Negative Washback on Teachers | 第61-62页 |
| ·Causes of Negative Washback on Students | 第62-63页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusions | 第63-69页 |
| ·Findings and Conclusions | 第63-64页 |
| ·Implications | 第64-67页 |
| ·Implications for Test Designers | 第64-65页 |
| ·Implications for School Authorities | 第65-66页 |
| ·Implications for Teachers and Students | 第66-67页 |
| ·Limitations | 第67-69页 |
| Bibliography | 第69-73页 |
| Appendix 1 Questionnaire | 第73-79页 |
| Appendix 2 Interview | 第79-81页 |
| Appendix 3 Classroom Observation Checklist | 第81-82页 |
| Appendix 4 Results of Open-ended Questions | 第82-84页 |
| Appendix 5 Results and Discussions of Classroom Observation | 第84-85页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第85-86页 |
| 攻读硕士学位期间的发表论文情况 | 第86页 |
