| Abstract | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-9页 |
| Introduction | 第9-10页 |
| Chapter One Communicationand Culture | 第10-22页 |
| ·Communication | 第10-14页 |
| ·Definition of Communication | 第10-11页 |
| ·The Components of Communication | 第11-13页 |
| ·The Characteristics of Communication | 第13-14页 |
| ·Culture | 第14-17页 |
| ·Definition of Culture | 第14-15页 |
| ·The Characteristics of Culture | 第15-17页 |
| ·Intercultural Communication | 第17-22页 |
| ·Definition of Intercultural Communication | 第17页 |
| ·An Overview of the Intercultural Communication | 第17-19页 |
| ·Three Elements of Intercultural Communication | 第19-22页 |
| Chapter Two Pragmatics & Pragmatic Failure | 第22-33页 |
| ·Pragmatics | 第22页 |
| ·Some Pragmatic Theories | 第22-30页 |
| ·Grice’s Theory of Conversational Implicature | 第23-25页 |
| ·Leech: the Politeness Principle (PP) | 第25-26页 |
| ·Austin and Sealer’s Theory of Speech Acts | 第26-28页 |
| ·Sperber & Wilson’s Relevance Theory | 第28-30页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure | 第30-31页 |
| ·Pragmalinguistic Failure | 第30-31页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failure | 第31页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failures in Intercultural Communication | 第31-33页 |
| Chapter Three Subjective Reason for Pragmatic Failure in Intercultural Communication: Attitude | 第33-37页 |
| ·Ethnocentrism | 第33-35页 |
| ·Stereotypes . | 第35页 |
| ·Bias . . . .. | 第35-37页 |
| Chapter Four Pragmatic Failures in Intercultural Communication | 第37-57页 |
| ·Negative Transfers in Intercultural Communication | 第37-38页 |
| ·Pragmatic Transfer. .. . | 第37页 |
| ·Classification of Negative Transfers .. .. . | 第37-38页 |
| ·Analysis of the Pragmatic Failures Happening in Intercultural Communicationin View of Negative Transfers | 第38-57页 |
| ·Intercultural Communication Pragmatic Failures Caused by the Negative Transfer of the Communicator’s Native Linguistic Knowledge | 第38-41页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of Words . | 第38-40页 |
| ·Negative Transfer at the Sentence Level 。 . | 第40-41页 |
| ·Intercultural Communication Pragmatic Failures Caused by the Negative Transfer of the Communicator’s Native Cultural Conventions | 第41-57页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of the Social Norms . ... | 第42-43页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of the Conventional Value and Face System | 第43-53页 |
| ·Group Orientation in Chinese Culture .. | 第44-45页 |
| ·Individualism and HumanRights in Western Orientation | 第45-46页 |
| ·Face System . .. | 第46-53页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of Non-verbal Communication ... | 第53-57页 |
| ·Paralanguage . | 第53-54页 |
| ·Space and Distance .. | 第54-55页 |
| ·Time | 第55-57页 |
| Chapter Five Strategies for Avoiding Pragmatic Failures | 第57-61页 |
| ·Cultivating Our Pragmalinguistic Competence .. .... .... | 第58-59页 |
| ·Strengthening Cultural Awareness .. . | 第59页 |
| ·Avoiding Negative Stereotyping . . . | 第59-61页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第61-62页 |
| Bibliography | 第62-65页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第65页 |
