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氮肥影响水稻农艺性状、秸秆细胞壁成分及生物质酶解效率分子机理研究

摘要第7-8页
Abstract第8页
Abbreviations第9-10页
1 Introduction第10-41页
    1.1 Lignocellulosic biomass第10-12页
    1.2 Major problems in biomass conversion to ethanol第12-14页
        1.2.1 Harvesting and storage第12-13页
        1.2.2 Biomass pretreatment第13页
        1.2.3 Cellulase cost第13-14页
        1.2.4 Ethanol fermentation第14页
    1.3 Plant cell wall composition第14-22页
        1.3.1 Cellulose第16-18页
        1.3.2 Hemicelluloses第18-20页
        1.3.3 Lignin第20-22页
        1.3.4 Other compounds: pectins, silica and proteins第22页
    1.4 Plant cell wall features第22-25页
        1.4.1 Cellulose crystallinity第23-24页
        1.4.2 Degree of polymerization (DP)第24页
        1.4.3 Hemicellulose monosaccharide (Xyl/Ara)第24-25页
        1.4.4 Lignin monomer (H,G,S)第25页
    1.5 Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials第25-32页
        1.5.1 Physical pretreatments第26-29页
        1.5.2 Chemical pretreatments第29-32页
    1.6 Enzymatic hydrolysis of Lignocellulose第32-34页
    1.7 Bioethanol fermentation第34页
    1.8 Role of nitrogen in plant nutrition第34-36页
    1.9 Effects of timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on crop production第36-37页
    1.10 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on rice crop in china第37-39页
    1.11 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on cell wall composition第39页
    1.12 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass digestibility第39-40页
    1.13 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on cellulosic ethanol production第40-41页
    1.14 Objectives of this study第41页
2 Materials and Methods第41-52页
    2.1 Materials第41页
    2.2 The main instruments and reagents第41-42页
    2.3 Methods第42-52页
        2.3.1 Agronomic data collection and measurements;第42页
        2.3.2 Extraction and determination of cell wall polysaccharides第42-44页
        2.3.3 Lignin determination process第44-45页
        2.3.4 Colorimetric determination of hexose and pentose第45页
        2.3.5 Measurement of silica content;第45-46页
        2.3.6 Lignin monomer determination by HPLC第46-47页
        2.3.7 Hemicelluloses monosaccharide determination by GC-MS第47-48页
        2.3.8 Determination of cellulose crystallinity第48-49页
        2.3.9 Determination of the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP)第49页
        2.3.10 Biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis第49-51页
        2.3.11 Determination of ethanol production第51-52页
        2.3.12 Statistical Analysis第52页
3 Results第52-80页
    3.1 Improved agronomic traits under nitrogen treatments第52-55页
    3.2 Linear regression of total nitrogen with agronomic traits第55-56页
    3.3 Biomass production and agronomic traits第56-57页
    3.4 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on cell wall composition and silica content in rice straw第57-60页
    3.5 Linear regression of total nitrogen with cell wall composition and silica content第60-62页
    3.6 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on cell wall features第62-64页
    3.7 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on cellulose crystallinity and polymerization degree第64-66页
    3.8 Plant cell wall polymer and features affecting biomass production第66-67页
    3.9 Biomass digestibility increased under nitrogen treatment第67-75页
    3.10 Silica content and cellulose crystallinity affect biomass digestibility第75-77页
    3.11 Ethanol production under nitrogen fertilizer第77-78页
    3.12 Mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer enhancements on biomass saccharification第78-80页
4 Discussions第80-83页
5 Conclusion第83页
6 Summary and future prospects第83-86页
    6.1 Summary第83-85页
    6.2 Future Prospects第85-86页
References第86-112页
Appendix 1. The reagent formulation第112-114页
Appendix 2. Standard curve第114页
Appendix 3. Profile第114-116页
Acknowledgement第116-117页

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