| 摘要 | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第7-8页 |
| List of Tables | 第8-10页 |
| List of Figures | 第10-11页 |
| List of Appendices | 第11-12页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第12-17页 |
| Chapter One:Introduction | 第17-30页 |
| 1.1 The"Inadequate Morhology" of Chinese | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2 Equivalence-building in English-Chinese Dictionaries | 第18-20页 |
| 1.3 Differences between English and Chinese Affixes and Difficulties in Identifying the Latter | 第20-23页 |
| 1.4 Monosyllabicity vs.Polysyllabicity and Wenyan vs.Baihua | 第23-25页 |
| 1.5 Character,Word,and Morpheme | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6 Chinese Word-order and the Contexts for Emergent Grammar | 第26-28页 |
| 1.7 Thesis Outline | 第28-30页 |
| Chapter Two:The Suffix Use and Identification of de,di,hua and xing inEnglish-Chinese & Chinese-English Bilingual Dictionaries | 第30-62页 |
| 2.0 Introduction | 第30-31页 |
| 2.1 The Developing Use of the Four Characters in Equivalents in English-Chinese Dictionaries | 第31-45页 |
| 2.1.1 The six English-Chinese dictionaries | 第32-36页 |
| 2.1.2 De in forming explanatory phrases in the 19th century English-Chinese dictionaries | 第36-37页 |
| 2.1.3 Growing use of de in translational equivalents in the 20th century English-Chinese Dictionaries | 第37-40页 |
| 2.1.4 Developing use of di as the adverbial suffix | 第40-42页 |
| 2.1.5 Developing use of hua and xing as verbal and nominal suffixes | 第42-45页 |
| 2.2 The Developing Treatment of the Grammatical Meanings of the Four Characters in Chinese-English Dictionaries | 第45-58页 |
| 2.2.1 The eight Chinese-English dictionaries | 第45-49页 |
| 2.2.2 Treatment of de in the Chinese-English dictionaries:original meanings | 第49-51页 |
| 2.2.3 Treatment of de in the Chinese-English dictionaries:grammatical meanings | 第51-54页 |
| 2.2.4 Treatment of di in Chinese-English dictionaries | 第54-55页 |
| 2.2.5 Treatment of hua and xing in the Chinese-English dictionaries | 第55-58页 |
| 2.3 A brief review of the identification of affixes in contemporary monolingual Chinese dictionaries | 第58-60页 |
| 2.4 Concluding Remarks | 第60-62页 |
| Chapter Three:Definition and Identification of Affixes in Important ChineseGrammars in History | 第62-97页 |
| 3.0 Introduction | 第62-63页 |
| 3.1 The "Following-suit" Period:From Ma Shi Wen Tong to the late 1930s | 第63-72页 |
| 3.1.1 Three works on classical Chinese | 第64-65页 |
| 3.1.2 The first affix to be identified in modern Chinese:de(的) | 第65-68页 |
| 3.1.3 Qu Qiubai's Thoughts about Affixes | 第68-72页 |
| 3.2 The "Importing and Developing" Period:From the late 1930s to the late 1970s | 第72-81页 |
| 3.2.1 Additional elements and markers | 第72-75页 |
| 3.2.2 Word-tail and word-head | 第75-78页 |
| 3.2.3 Chao's affixes,versatile morphemes,and modern affixes | 第78-80页 |
| 3.2.4 The 1960s debate over de:one or more morphemes? | 第80-81页 |
| 3.3 The "Exploring Period":the Late 1970s till Present | 第81-88页 |
| 3.3.1 Affix,prefix,and suffix | 第83-84页 |
| 3.3.2 Quasi-affixes and the tendency of affixation | 第84-86页 |
| 3.3.3 The 1980s paradigm shift:de defined as one morpheme/particle | 第86-88页 |
| 3.4 An Examination of the Criteria for Identifying Affixes in Modern Chinese | 第88-95页 |
| 3.4.1 Emptiness of meaning | 第88-91页 |
| 3.4.2 Fixedness ofposition | 第91-93页 |
| 3.4.3 Ad hoc productivity | 第93-94页 |
| 3.4.4 Summary | 第94-95页 |
| 3.5 Concluding Remarks | 第95-97页 |
| Chapter Four:Methodologies | 第97-113页 |
| 4.0 Introduction:Central Hypothesis | 第97-98页 |
| 4.1 The Theoretical Approach of Emergent Grammar | 第98-101页 |
| 4.1.1 Emergent grammar and the concept ofgrammaticalization | 第98-99页 |
| 4.1.2 Context-based grammaticalization | 第99-100页 |
| 4.1.3 Secondary grammaticalization | 第100页 |
| 4.1.4 Reanalysis and degrees of analyzability in linguistic expressions | 第100-101页 |
| 4.2 The Corpus Investigation | 第101-106页 |
| 4.2.1 Chinese monolingual corpora | 第101-102页 |
| 4.2.2 CCL corpus and its two registers | 第102-103页 |
| 4.2.3 Categorization of adjective lexemes for corpus data collection | 第103-105页 |
| 4.2.4 Selection of adjectives for the corpus investigation | 第105-106页 |
| 4.2.5 Analysis of corpus data | 第106页 |
| 4.3 The Psycholinguistic Survey | 第106-113页 |
| 4.3.1 Survey participants | 第107-108页 |
| 4.3.2 Structure of the survey questionnaire | 第108-112页 |
| 4.3.3 Analysis of questionnaire results | 第112-113页 |
| Chapter Five:Analysis of Corpus Data:the Secondary Grammaticalization of "de/di" | 第113-154页 |
| 5.0 Introduction | 第113-114页 |
| 5.1 hua and xing | 第114-121页 |
| 5.1.1 Quantitative evidence on their usage as derivational suffixes | 第115-117页 |
| 5.1.2 Qualatitive analysis of their grammatical meanings as derivational suffixes | 第117-120页 |
| 5.1.3 Summary | 第120-121页 |
| 5.2 de after Disyllabic Adjectives | 第121-132页 |
| 5.2.1 Overview of corpus evidence of [DA-de]vs.[DA]in the attributive position | 第121-125页 |
| 5.2.2 Qualitative analysis of the secondary grammaticalization of de after DA | 第125-131页 |
| 5.2.3 Summary | 第131-132页 |
| 5.3 de after Monosyllabic Adjectives | 第132-139页 |
| 5.3.1 Overview of corpus evidence of[MA-de]vs.[MA]in the attributive position | 第133-135页 |
| 5.3.2 Qualitative analysis of the secondary grammaticalization of de after MA | 第135-139页 |
| 5.3.3 Summary | 第139页 |
| 5.4 de after Reduplicated Adjectives | 第139-144页 |
| 5.4.1 Quantitative evidence on the suffix nature of de after RAs | 第140-141页 |
| 5.4.2 Qualitative analysis of the suffix nature of de after RA | 第141-144页 |
| 5.4.3 Summary | 第144页 |
| 5.5 Synthesis of Findings for de after Adjectives | 第144-146页 |
| 5.6 di:the Adverbial Offshoot of de | 第146-152页 |
| 5.6.1 di as a new derivational suffix after DA lexemes | 第146-148页 |
| 5.6.2 Syllabic restriction on MA lexeme for the adverbial suffix di | 第148-149页 |
| 5.6.3 di after RAs | 第149-152页 |
| 5.6.4 Summary | 第152页 |
| 5.7 Concluding Remarks | 第152-154页 |
| Chapter Six:The Psycholinguistic Survey:Perceptions of Meaning and Morphology inOlder and Newer Chinese Suffixes | 第154-182页 |
| 6.0 Introduction | 第154-155页 |
| 6.1 Findings from Survey Questionnaire Part Ⅰ | 第155-162页 |
| 6.1.1 Participants' formal knowledge about Chinese affixes | 第155-157页 |
| 6.1.2 Perceptions about Chinese suffixes in characters | 第157-162页 |
| 6.1.3 Summary | 第162页 |
| 6.2 Findings from Survey Questionnaire PartⅡ | 第162-176页 |
| 6.2.1 Overview of Romanization test results | 第164-166页 |
| 6.2.2 Analysis of Romanization test results | 第166-175页 |
| 6.2.3 Summary | 第175-176页 |
| 6.3 Findings from Survey Questionnairc Part Ⅲ | 第176-180页 |
| 6.3.1 Equivalence building between de and English adjectival suffixes | 第176-178页 |
| 6.3.2 de:to use or nof to use | 第178-180页 |
| 6.4 Concluding Remarks | 第180-182页 |
| Chapter Seven:Conclusion | 第182-201页 |
| 7.1 Overall Findings | 第182-189页 |
| 7.1.1 Corpus verification of the grammaticalization of de,di,hua,and xing | 第182-185页 |
| 7.1.2 Cognitive verification of the grammaticalization of de,di,hua,and xing | 第185-186页 |
| 7.1.3 The "advancedness" of English-Chinese dictionaries in demonstrating linguistic development of the Chinese language | 第186-188页 |
| 7.1.4 The ongoing linguistic entrenchment vs.variable grammatical doctrines | 第188-189页 |
| 7.2 Theoretical Implications for Chinese Morphology | 第189-194页 |
| 7.2.1 Morphology in Chinese:a matter of perspective | 第190-191页 |
| 7.2.2 Visualization of Chinese derivational morphology in Pinyin | 第191-194页 |
| 7.3 Practical Implications for Bilingual English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionaries | 第194-197页 |
| 7.3.1 Presentation of adjectives with de in Englis-Chinese dictionaries | 第194-196页 |
| 7.3.2 Presentation of adjectives with de in Chinese-English dictionaries | 第196-197页 |
| 7.3.3 Labeling of parts of speech for Chinese words | 第197页 |
| 7.4 Limitations of This Inquiry and Directions for Future Research | 第197-199页 |
| 7.4.1 Limitations of Chinese corpora | 第197-198页 |
| 7.4.2 Potential linguistic contexts for further investigation of the grammaticalization of de | 第198-199页 |
| 7.4.3 Cognitive survey based on undergraduates only | 第199页 |
| 7.5 Concluding Remarks | 第199-201页 |
| References | 第201-219页 |
| Appendices | 第219-248页 |
