| 摘要 | 第8-11页 |
| Abstract | 第11-13页 |
| Chapter 1. Introduction | 第16-26页 |
| 1.1 PAR-2 activation in gastrointestinal tract | 第17-18页 |
| 1.1.1 Role of PAR-2 in inflammation | 第17-18页 |
| 1.1.2 Effects of PAR-2 on the gastrointestinal tract | 第18页 |
| 1.2 CGRP receptors and their distribution | 第18-21页 |
| 1.2.1 CGRP modulates the mast cell functions | 第19页 |
| 1.2.2 CGRP release mediated by PAR-2 | 第19-20页 |
| 1.2.3 Role of CGRP in sensitization | 第20-21页 |
| 1.3 Role of PAR-2 in visceral hypersensitivity | 第21-22页 |
| 1.4 Role of PAR-2 in pain transmission | 第22-23页 |
| 1.5 Therapies targeting PAR-2 and CGRP for visceral hypersensitivity | 第23-24页 |
| 1.6 Objectives of the proposed research | 第24-25页 |
| 1.6.1 Objective-1: (Experiment-1) | 第24页 |
| 1.6.2 Objectives-2: (Experiment-2) | 第24-25页 |
| Innovation | 第25-26页 |
| Chapter 2. Visceral hypersensitivity is provoked by TNBS-induced ileitis | 第26-47页 |
| 2.1 Materials and methods | 第27-32页 |
| 2.1.1 Experimental animals | 第27-28页 |
| 2.1.2 Induction of ileitis | 第28-29页 |
| 2.1.3 Visceromotor response to colorectal distension | 第29-30页 |
| 2.1.4 Symptoms and disease activity index | 第30页 |
| 2.1.5 Tissue sampling | 第30页 |
| 2.1.6 Macroscopic and microscopic observation | 第30-31页 |
| 2.1.7 CGRP immunohistochemistry in DRG | 第31页 |
| 2.1.8 Measurement of MPO and cytokines | 第31-32页 |
| 2.1.9 Statistical analysis | 第32页 |
| 2.2 Results | 第32-41页 |
| 2.2.1 Symptom observation and disease activity index | 第32-33页 |
| 2.2.2 Macroscopic scoring of ileitis | 第33-34页 |
| 2.2.3 Microscopic scoring of ileitis | 第34-36页 |
| 2.2.4 Expression levels of CGRP in the DRG | 第36-38页 |
| 2.2.5 Concentrations of MPO and cytokines | 第38-39页 |
| 2.2.6 Visceromotor response to colorectal distension | 第39-41页 |
| 2.2.7 Correlation between total VMR and CGRP level | 第41页 |
| 2.3 Discussion | 第41-47页 |
| Chapter 3. Electroacupuncture intervention of visceral hypersensitivity is involved in activation of PAR-2 and CGRP in the spinal cord | 第47-69页 |
| 3.1 Materials and Methods | 第49-56页 |
| 3.1.1 Animal grouping | 第49-50页 |
| 3.1.2 Visceral hypersensitivity model | 第50-51页 |
| 3.1.3 Assessment of ileal inflammation | 第51-52页 |
| 3.1.4 Electroacupuncture | 第52-53页 |
| 3.1.5 Visceromotor response to graded colorectal distension | 第53-54页 |
| 3.1.6 Tissue preparation | 第54页 |
| 3.1.7 Immunohistochemistry | 第54-55页 |
| 3.1.8 Western blotting analysis | 第55页 |
| 3.1.9 RNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR | 第55-56页 |
| 3.1.10 Statistical analysis | 第56页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第56-64页 |
| 3.2.1 Ileal inflammation | 第56-59页 |
| 3.2.2 Cumulative effects of repetitive EA intervention on VMR to CRD | 第59-61页 |
| 3.2.3 Effects of repetitive EA intervention on distribution PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos immunonoreactivities | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2.4 Effects of repetitive EA intervention on measurement of PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos proteins | 第62-64页 |
| 3.3 Discussion | 第64-69页 |
| 4 Conclusions | 第69-70页 |
| References | 第70-91页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第91-93页 |
| Dedications | 第93-94页 |
| Appendix-I | 第94-95页 |
| Appendix-II | 第95-96页 |
| Appendix-III | 第96-97页 |
| Appendix-IV | 第97-98页 |
| Appendix-V | 第98-100页 |
