| Abstract | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-9页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第9-13页 |
| ·Research Background | 第9-10页 |
| ·Purposes and Research Questions | 第10-12页 |
| ·Data Collection and Research Methodology | 第12页 |
| ·The organization of the thesis | 第12-13页 |
| 2. Literature Review | 第13-21页 |
| ·History of Contrastive Studies | 第13-14页 |
| ·Previous Studies on the Refusal Strategies | 第14-18页 |
| ·Contrastive Studies of Refusal Strategies Abroad | 第15-17页 |
| ·Contrastive Studies of Refusal Strategies at Home | 第17-18页 |
| ·Summary | 第18-21页 |
| 3. Theoretical Framework | 第21-27页 |
| ·Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory | 第21-24页 |
| ·Leech’s Politeness Principle | 第24-25页 |
| ·Gu Yueguo’s Politeness Principle | 第25-27页 |
| 4. The Contrastive Analysis of Refusal Strategies in the Press Conference | 第27-51页 |
| ·Differences in the Use of Refusal Strategies by U.S and Chinese Spokespersons | 第28-29页 |
| ·Contrastive Analysis of the Direct Refusal Strategies by Chinese and U.S. Spokespersons | 第29-31页 |
| ·Contrastive Analysis of the Indirect Refusal Strategies by Chinese and U.S. Spokespersons | 第31-45页 |
| ·Frequency of the Refusal Strategy of Giving Reasons | 第32-34页 |
| ·Frequency of the Refusal Strategy of Alternative | 第34-35页 |
| ·Frequency of the Refusal Strategy of Avoidance | 第35-39页 |
| ·Frequency of Promise of Future Acceptance | 第39-40页 |
| ·Frequency of Attempt to Dissuade Interlocutor | 第40-43页 |
| ·Frequency of Statement of Attitude or Expectation | 第43-44页 |
| ·Frequency of Unspecific or Indefinite Reply | 第44页 |
| ·Frequency of Adjuncts | 第44-45页 |
| ·Possible Reasons for the Difference in the Employment of Refusal Strategies by Chinese and U.S. Spokespersons | 第45-51页 |
| ·High Context vs. Low Context | 第46-47页 |
| ·Different Rhetorical Philosophy | 第47-48页 |
| ·Different Religious Origin | 第48-49页 |
| ·Different Face and Politeness Perception | 第49页 |
| ·Different Thinking Patterns | 第49-50页 |
| ·Summary | 第50-51页 |
| 5. Conclusions | 第51-55页 |
| ·Major Findings of the Research | 第51-53页 |
| ·Limitations of the Research | 第53-54页 |
| ·Suggestions for Future Research | 第54-55页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第55-57页 |
| Bibliography | 第57-61页 |
| AppendixⅠ | 第61-65页 |
| AppendixⅡ | 第65-67页 |
| Published Papers | 第67页 |
