| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第9-11页 |
| 1.1 Background and Reasons for Choosing the Topic | 第9页 |
| 1.2 The Purpose and Significance of the Study | 第9-10页 |
| 1.3 Organization of the Thesis | 第10页 |
| 1.4 Research Questions | 第10-11页 |
| 2 Literature Review | 第11-17页 |
| 2.1 Previous Studies on Cartford's Translation Shift Abroad | 第12-14页 |
| 2.2 Studies on Translation Shifts in China | 第14-17页 |
| 3 Theoretical Framework | 第17-26页 |
| 3.1 Cardford's Translation Shifts Theory | 第17-22页 |
| 3.1.1 Level-shifts | 第17-18页 |
| 3.1.2 Category-shifts | 第18页 |
| 3.1.3 Structure-shifts | 第18-19页 |
| 3.1.4 Class-shifts | 第19-20页 |
| 3.1.5 Unit-shifts | 第20-21页 |
| 3.1.6 Intra-system-shift | 第21页 |
| 3.1.7 Features of Catdford's Translation | 第21-22页 |
| 3.2 Nida's Theory of Functional Equivalence | 第22-23页 |
| 3.2.1 Formal Equivalence/Dynamic Equivalence | 第22-23页 |
| 3.2.2 Reader's Equivalent Responses | 第23页 |
| 3.3 The Features of Nida's Theory | 第23-24页 |
| 3.4 The Comparison of Catford's Translation Shifts and Nida's Theory | 第24-26页 |
| 4 The Advantage of Catford's Translation Shifts Applied in the Versions | 第26-40页 |
| 4.1 Structure-shifts Applied in the Versions | 第26-31页 |
| 4.1.1 Shits from Passive Voice to Active Voice Applied in Versions | 第26-28页 |
| 4.1.2 Shifts from Subject-prominent Sentences to Topic-prominent Sentences | 第28-30页 |
| 4.1.3 Shifts from Non-animate Subjects to Animate Subjects | 第30-31页 |
| 4.1.4 Shifts from the Negative Sentences to the Afifrmative Sentences | 第31页 |
| 4.2 Unit-shifts Applied in the Versions | 第31-37页 |
| 4.2.1 Shifts from Words to Phrases | 第32-33页 |
| 4.2.2 Shifts from Words or Phrases to Clause | 第33-34页 |
| 4.2.3 Shifts from Simple or Compound Sentences to Compound or Complex Sentences or Sentence Groups Applied in the Versions | 第34-36页 |
| 4.2.4 Shifts from Clauses and Sentences to Phrases and Word | 第36-37页 |
| 4.3 Class-shifts Applied in the versions | 第37-40页 |
| 4.3.1 Shifts from English Abstract Nouns to Chinese Specific Verb | 第37-40页 |
| 5 Conclusion | 第40-42页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings of the Study | 第40-41页 |
| 5.2 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Further Research | 第41-42页 |
| Reference | 第42-44页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第44页 |
