| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第1-11页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第11-13页 |
| 摘要 | 第13-15页 |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | 第15-18页 |
| LIST OF TABLES | 第18-19页 |
| LIST OF FIGURES | 第19-21页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第21-23页 |
| CHAPTER 1 PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN PLANTS | 第23-41页 |
| ·General introduction | 第23-25页 |
| ·Research objectives | 第25-26页 |
| ·Literature review | 第26-41页 |
| ·Programmed cell death | 第26-29页 |
| ·Apoptosis | 第29-31页 |
| ·Genes involved in PCD | 第31-36页 |
| ·Defense response in plants | 第36-41页 |
| CHAPTER 2 GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES | 第41-55页 |
| ·Plant growth | 第41-42页 |
| ·Extraction of DNA and RNA | 第42-43页 |
| ·Quick genomic DNA extraction | 第42-43页 |
| ·Extraction of total RNA | 第43页 |
| ·PCR amplification | 第43-44页 |
| ·Restriction enzyme digest | 第44-47页 |
| ·Plasmid extraction | 第44-45页 |
| ·Restriction enzyme(single) digestion of plasmid | 第45-46页 |
| ·Restriction enzyme(double) digestion of plasmid | 第46页 |
| ·Recovery of digested PCR products via agarose gel electrophoresis | 第46-47页 |
| ·Cloning | 第47-48页 |
| ·Transformation to Agrobacterium | 第48-49页 |
| ·Arabidopsis transformation and identification of transgenic Plants | 第49-50页 |
| ·Yeast transformation | 第50-51页 |
| ·Yeast transformation solutions | 第50页 |
| ·Quick and easy yeast transformation | 第50-51页 |
| ·Disease assays | 第51-55页 |
| ·Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000 infiltration | 第51-53页 |
| ·Botrytis cinerea inoculation | 第53-54页 |
| ·Alternaria brassicicola inoculation | 第54-55页 |
| CHAPTER 3 DAL1 AND DAL2:NOVEL REGULATORS OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN ARABIDOPSIS | 第55-86页 |
| Summary | 第55-56页 |
| ·Introduction | 第56-57页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第57-62页 |
| ·RT-PCR analysis of gene expression | 第57-58页 |
| ·Screening for homozygous T-DNA lines | 第58页 |
| ·Disease assays | 第58-59页 |
| ·Treatment of Fumonisin B1(FB1) | 第59页 |
| ·Detection of cell death | 第59-60页 |
| ·Detection of callose deposition and autofluorescence | 第60页 |
| ·Detection of reactive oxygen species | 第60页 |
| ·Apoptosis inhibitory activity in yeast | 第60-62页 |
| ·Results | 第62-82页 |
| ·Characterization of DAL1 and DAL2 in Arabidopsis | 第62-64页 |
| ·Expression of DAL1 and DAL2 in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato | 第64页 |
| ·Identification of T-DNA insertion lines | 第64-66页 |
| ·Disease phenotype of dal1 and dal2 mutants against Pst DC3000 | 第66-70页 |
| ·Expression of PR-1 genes in dal1 and dal2 mutant plants after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000 | 第70-71页 |
| ·Extensive PCD induced by Fumonisin B1 in dal1 and dal2 mutant plants | 第71-78页 |
| ·Response of the dal1 and dal2 mutant plants to necrotrophic fungi | 第78-81页 |
| ·DAL1 and DAL2 do not suppress H_2O_2-induced cell death in yeast | 第81-82页 |
| ·Discussion | 第82-86页 |
| CHAPTER 4 POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF A SMALL SUBGROUP OF MA3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING TOPOISOMERASES IN ARABIDOPSIS PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH | 第86-107页 |
| Summary | 第86-87页 |
| ·Introduction | 第87-88页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第88-90页 |
| ·RT-PCR analysis of gene expression | 第88-89页 |
| ·Confirmation of knockouts | 第89页 |
| ·Disease assays | 第89页 |
| ·Treatment of Fumonisin B1 | 第89页 |
| ·Studies on ABA | 第89-90页 |
| ·Results | 第90-104页 |
| ·Molecular characterization of a small subgroup of MA3 domaincontaining topoisomerases in Arabidopsis | 第90-94页 |
| ·Identification of T-DNA insertion lines | 第94页 |
| ·Altered disease responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000 | 第94-97页 |
| ·Response to FB1 | 第97-100页 |
| ·Response to Alternaria brassicicola | 第100页 |
| ·Response to ABA | 第100-104页 |
| ·Discussion | 第104-107页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 第107-110页 |
| ·Main findings and conclusions | 第107-109页 |
| ·Future directions | 第109-110页 |
| REFERENCES | 第110-126页 |
