| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第11-24页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第24-27页 |
| Abstract | 第27-30页 |
| 摘要 | 第31-34页 |
| Introduction | 第34-38页 |
| Chapter 1 Review of literature | 第38-48页 |
| 1.1 The challenge of several abiotic stresses in agriculture | 第38页 |
| 1.2 Abiotic stress effects on rice | 第38-42页 |
| 1.2.1 Effect of salinity stress on rice | 第38-39页 |
| 1.2.2 Effect of chilling stress on rice | 第39-40页 |
| 1.2.3 Effect of drought stress on morpho-physiological responses of rice | 第40-41页 |
| 1.2.4 Phytotoxicity mechanism of nano-ZnO stress to plants | 第41-42页 |
| 1.3 Seed priming to enhance seed germination | 第42-46页 |
| 1.3.1 Concept of seed priming | 第42-43页 |
| 1.3.2 Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed priming | 第43-44页 |
| 1.3.3 Molecular mechanism of seed priming | 第44-45页 |
| 1.3.4 Influence of different priming agents on abiotic stress tolerance of rice seedlings | 第45-46页 |
| 1.4 Effects of cold plasma treatment on abiotic stress tolerance of plants | 第46-48页 |
| Chapter 2 Seed priming with polyethylene glycol regulating the physiological, molecular and metabolicmechanism in rice(Oryza sativa,L.)under nano-ZnO stress | 第48-83页 |
| 2.1 Materials and methods | 第49-57页 |
| 2.1.1 Engineered ZnO nanorods | 第49页 |
| 2.1.2 Plant material and growth conditions | 第49-50页 |
| 2.1.3 Physiological parameters | 第50-51页 |
| 2.1.4 Soluble sugar content and α-amylase activity | 第51页 |
| 2.1.5 Proline content determination | 第51-52页 |
| 2.1.6 Photosynthetic pigments determination | 第52页 |
| 2.1.7 Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde contents | 第52-53页 |
| 2.1.8 Metabolite determination | 第53-54页 |
| 2.1.9 Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) | 第54-55页 |
| 2.1.10 Transcription levels analysis | 第55-56页 |
| 2.1.11 Transmission electron microscopy study | 第56-57页 |
| 2.1.12 Experimental design and statistical analysis | 第57页 |
| 2.2 Results | 第57-75页 |
| 2.2.1 Seed vigour and plant growth | 第57-58页 |
| 2.2.2 α-amylase activity and soluble sugar and proline contents | 第58-62页 |
| 2.2.3 Photosynthetic pigments | 第62页 |
| 2.2.4 Antioxidants enzyme activities and malondialdehyde contents | 第62-68页 |
| 2.2.5 Changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) | 第68-70页 |
| 2.2.6 Transcription levels | 第70-75页 |
| 2.2.7 Ultrastructural changes | 第75页 |
| 2.3 Discussion | 第75-82页 |
| 2.4 Conclusions | 第82-83页 |
| Chapter 3 Regulation of ZnO nanoparticles-induced physiological and molecular changes by seed primingwith humic acid in Oryza sadva seedlings | 第83-106页 |
| 3.1 Materials and methods | 第84-88页 |
| 3.1.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第84页 |
| 3.1.2 Morphological parameters | 第84-85页 |
| 3.1.3 Determination of ABA and GA contents | 第85页 |
| 3.1.4 Biochemical analysis | 第85页 |
| 3.1.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage | 第85页 |
| 3.1.6 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) | 第85-86页 |
| 3.1.7 Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) | 第86页 |
| 3.1.8 Analysis of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) | 第86页 |
| 3.1.9 Expression analysis of ABA and GA pathway | 第86页 |
| 3.1.10 Ultra-morphological and histochemical staining studies | 第86-87页 |
| 3.1.11 Quantification of Evans blue uptake and root cell viability assay | 第87页 |
| 3.1.12 Experimental design and statistical analysis | 第87-88页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第88-99页 |
| 3.2.1 Seed germination and plant growth | 第88页 |
| 3.2.2 The contents of total soluble protein, sugar, starch and electrolyte leakage | 第88-90页 |
| 3.2.3 ABA and GA catabolism and their transcription levels | 第90-93页 |
| 3.2.4 Antioxidant enzymes activities and malondialdehyde content | 第93页 |
| 3.2.5 ROS accumulation and GR contents | 第93-95页 |
| 3.2.6 DHAR and MDAR activities | 第95页 |
| 3.2.7 Ultra-morphology of leaf mesophyll and root tip cells | 第95-97页 |
| 3.2.8 Evans blue uptake (cell death) and detection of ROS in vivo | 第97-99页 |
| 3.3 Discussion | 第99-105页 |
| 3.4 Conclusions | 第105-106页 |
| Chapter 4 Cold plasma treatment and exogenous salicylic acid priming enhances salinity tolerance of rice(Oryza sativa L.) seedlings | 第106-138页 |
| 4.1 Materials and methods | 第107-112页 |
| 4.1.1 Seed materials and seed treatments | 第107-108页 |
| 4.1.2 Seed germination and seedling growth measurements | 第108页 |
| 4.1.3 Determination of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters | 第108-109页 |
| 4.1.4 Determination of water potential and relative electrolyte leakage | 第109页 |
| 4.1.5 Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters | 第109页 |
| 4.1.6 Determination of antioxidant and non-antioxidant enzyme activities | 第109页 |
| 4.1.7 Elements analysis | 第109-110页 |
| 4.1.8 Determination of enzyme activity of secondary metabolism | 第110-111页 |
| 4.1.9 Analysis of MDA and ROS contents | 第111页 |
| 4.1.10 In vivo detection of ROS and cell death | 第111页 |
| 4.1.11 Electron microscopy observation | 第111页 |
| 4.1.12 Experimental design and statistical analysis | 第111-112页 |
| 4.2 Results | 第112-130页 |
| 4.2.1 Changes of seed germination and seedling growth | 第112-113页 |
| 4.2.2 Cold plasma and SA improves photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic gas exchange | 第113页 |
| 4.2.3 Cold plasma and SA increases water potential and decreases electrolyte leakage | 第113-119页 |
| 4.2.4 Cold plasma and SA enhances chlorophyll fluorescence parameters | 第119页 |
| 4.2.5 Cold plasma and SA induces changes in the activities of anti-and non-antioxidant enzymes | 第119-121页 |
| 4.2.6 Uptake of Na~+, K~+,Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) ions and Na~+/K~+ Ratio | 第121-124页 |
| 4.2.7 Uptake of macro-and micronutrients | 第124页 |
| 4.2.8 Cold plasma and SA up-regulates secondary metabolisms-related enzyme activity | 第124-125页 |
| 4.2.9 Changes of MDA contents and ROS accumulation and cell death | 第125-130页 |
| 4.2.10 Ultra-morphology of leaf mesophyll and root tip cells | 第130页 |
| 4.3 Discussion | 第130-137页 |
| 4.4 Conclusions | 第137-138页 |
| Chapter 5 Seed priming with spermidine and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved seed polyamine metabolismunder chilling stress in rice seedlings | 第138-165页 |
| 5.1 Materials and methods | 第139-143页 |
| 5.1.1 Seed materials and seed treatments | 第139-140页 |
| 5.1.2 Seed germination and seedling growth measurements | 第140页 |
| 5.1.3 Analysis of total phenolics content and a-amylase activity | 第140页 |
| 5.1.4 Determination of flavonoids, glycine-beatine, soluble sugars and soluble protein | 第140页 |
| 5.1.5 Determination of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation | 第140-141页 |
| 5.1.6 Polyamine analysis | 第141页 |
| 5.1.7 Determination of the activity of enzymes involved in polyamines biosynthesis | 第141-142页 |
| 5.1.8 Polyamine degradative enzyme activity | 第142页 |
| 5.1.9 Expression analysis of PAs biosynthesis genes | 第142页 |
| 5.1.10 Electron microscopy observation | 第142页 |
| 5.1.11 Examination of rice seed embryo ultrastructure | 第142-143页 |
| 5.1.12 Experimental design and statistical analysis | 第143页 |
| 5.2 Results | 第143-156页 |
| 5.2.1 Changes of seed germination and seedling growth | 第143-144页 |
| 5.2.2 Total phenolics, flavonoids, glycine-beatine, α-amylase, soluble sugars and soluble protein | 第144-146页 |
| 5.2.3 Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation | 第146-149页 |
| 5.2.4 Changes of polyamine contents | 第149页 |
| 5.2.5 Changes of enzyme activities involved in polyamines biosynthesis | 第149-151页 |
| 5.2.6 Changes of polyamine degradative enzyme activity | 第151页 |
| 5.2.7 Expression levels of PAs biosynthesis genes | 第151-154页 |
| 5.2.8 Ultrastructural of leaf mesophyll cell | 第154-156页 |
| 5.2.9 Scanning electron microscopy observation in rice seed | 第156页 |
| 5.3 Discussion | 第156-164页 |
| 5.4 Conclusions | 第164-165页 |
| Chapter 6 Priming with methyl jasmonate alleviated polyethylene glycol-initiated drought stress byregulating metabolic pathway in rice seed | 第165-186页 |
| 6.1 Materials and methods | 第166-169页 |
| 6.1.1 Plant materials | 第166页 |
| 6.1.2 Priming and drought stress treatments | 第166-167页 |
| 6.1.3 Seed germination and seedling growth parameters | 第167页 |
| 6.1.4 Measurements of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll florescence parameters | 第167页 |
| 6.1.5 Measurements of leaf water relation parameters | 第167-168页 |
| 6.1.6 Determination of electrolyte leakage | 第168页 |
| 6.1.7 Metabolites extraction and quantitative analyses | 第168-169页 |
| 6.1.8 Experimental design and statistical analysis | 第169页 |
| 6.2 Results | 第169-180页 |
| 6.2.1 Effects of MeJA priming on physiological parameters under drought stress | 第169-171页 |
| 6.2.2 Changes of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll florescence parameters | 第171页 |
| 6.2.3 Effects of MeJA priming on leaf water relation parameters under drought stress | 第171-173页 |
| 6.2.4 Changes of free amino acid contents of leaf and root of rice under drought stress | 第173-174页 |
| 6.2.5 Metabolites fold changes in response to MeJA priming and drought stress | 第174-180页 |
| 6.3 Discussion | 第180-185页 |
| 6.4 Conclusions | 第185-186页 |
| Chapter 7 Major findings and future perspectives | 第186-189页 |
| 7.1 Major findings | 第186-187页 |
| 7.2 Future perspectives | 第187-189页 |
| References | 第189-215页 |
| List of Publications | 第215-216页 |
| Awards | 第216页 |
