| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-13页 |
| Chapter One INTRODUCTION | 第13-15页 |
| ·The Purpose of the Research | 第13-14页 |
| ·The Layout of the Thesis | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW | 第15-32页 |
| ·Definitions of ESs | 第15-21页 |
| ·Definitions of English ESs | 第15-16页 |
| ·Definitions of Chinese ESs | 第16-21页 |
| ·Classifications of ESs | 第21-27页 |
| ·Classifications of English ESs | 第21页 |
| ·Classifications of Chinese ESs | 第21-27页 |
| ·Classifications of the broad ESs | 第21-22页 |
| ·Classifications of the narrow ESs | 第22-27页 |
| ·Previous Studies of ESs | 第27-30页 |
| ·Studies of English ESs | 第27-29页 |
| ·Studies of English ESs by scholars abroad | 第27-28页 |
| ·Studies of English ESs by scholars at home | 第28-29页 |
| ·Studies of Chinese ESs | 第29-30页 |
| ·Studies of Chinese ESs before 1980s | 第29-30页 |
| ·Studies of Chinese ESs after 1980s | 第30页 |
| ·Deficiencies in Previous Research | 第30-32页 |
| Chapter Three THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK | 第32-37页 |
| ·Figure and Ground Theory | 第32-33页 |
| ·Iconicity | 第33-35页 |
| ·Principle of sequential iconicity | 第34页 |
| ·Principle of distance iconicity | 第34-35页 |
| ·About This Study | 第35-37页 |
| Chapter Four METHODOLOGY | 第37-39页 |
| ·Research Questions | 第37页 |
| ·Data Collection | 第37-38页 |
| ·Source of data | 第37-38页 |
| ·Identification of ESs | 第38页 |
| ·Data Analysis | 第38-39页 |
| Chapter Five CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-CHINESE ESs | 第39-49页 |
| ·Syntactic Contrasts of English-Chinese ESs | 第39-45页 |
| ·Syntactic contrast of POL between English-Chinese ESs | 第41-42页 |
| ·Syntactic contrast of existential verbs between English-Chinese ESs | 第42-44页 |
| ·Syntactic contrast of POE between English-Chinese ESs | 第44-45页 |
| ·Semantic Contrasts of English-Chinese ESs | 第45-47页 |
| ·Semantic contrast of POL between English-Chinese ESs | 第45-46页 |
| ·Semantic contrast of existential verbs between English-Chinese ESs | 第46-47页 |
| ·Semantic contrast of POE between English-Chinese ESs | 第47页 |
| ·contrastive analysis of information structure in English-Chinese ESs | 第47-49页 |
| Chapter Six COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-CHINESE ESs | 第49-61页 |
| ·Cognitive Features of POL | 第49-55页 |
| ·Cognitive Features of Existential Verbs | 第55-57页 |
| ·Cognitive Features of POE | 第57-61页 |
| Chapter Seven CONCLUSION | 第61-65页 |
| ·Summary of the Findings | 第61-62页 |
| ·The Theoretical and Practical Significance | 第62-63页 |
| ·Limitations | 第63-65页 |
| REFERENCES | 第65-69页 |
| Appendix | 第69-77页 |
| PUBLICATION | 第77页 |
