| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第11-19页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第19-21页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第21-22页 |
| 摘要 | 第24-26页 |
| CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第26-31页 |
| 1.1 Importance of oilseed rape | 第26页 |
| 1.2 Essential and non-essential elements | 第26-27页 |
| 1.3 Cadmium(Cd)-a toxic and non-essential element | 第27-28页 |
| 1.4 Solutions to solve heavy metals problem | 第28-29页 |
| 1.5 Objectives of study | 第29-30页 |
| 1.6 Overview of the whole study | 第30-31页 |
| CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE | 第31-42页 |
| 2.1 What is stress? | 第31页 |
| 2.2 Cd stress | 第31-32页 |
| 2.3 Impacts of Cd on human | 第32页 |
| 2.4 Impacts of Cd on plants | 第32-35页 |
| 2.4.1 Uptake and transport of Cd in plants | 第32-33页 |
| 2.4.2 Effects of Cd on plant growth | 第33页 |
| 2.4.3 Effects of Cd on photosynthesis | 第33-34页 |
| 2.4.4 Effects of Cd on plant nutrition | 第34-35页 |
| 2.4.5 Effects of Cd on ultra-morphology of plants | 第35页 |
| 2.5 ROS production and their scavenging | 第35-37页 |
| 2.6 Roles of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) | 第37-42页 |
| 2.6.1 Structure,properties and biosynthesis of ALA | 第37-39页 |
| 2.6.2 Applications of ALA under abiotic stress | 第39页 |
| 2.6.3 Role of ALA in plant growth | 第39-40页 |
| 2.6.4 Role of ALA in stress tolerance of plants | 第40-42页 |
| CHAPTER 3 MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ULTRA-STRUCTURAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CADMIUM STRESS IN OILSEED RAPE SEEDLINGS | 第42-56页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第42-43页 |
| 3.2 Materials and methods | 第43-46页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant material and treatments | 第43-44页 |
| 3.2.2 Growth parameters | 第44页 |
| 3.2.3 Determination of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species | 第44页 |
| 3.2.4 Biochemical analysis | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2.5 Determination of Cd concentration | 第45页 |
| 3.2.6 Ultra-structural study | 第45-46页 |
| 3.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第46页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第46-53页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第53-55页 |
| 3.5 Conclusions | 第55-56页 |
| CHAPTER 4 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID AMELIORATES ELEMENTS UPTAKE, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMEACTIVITY AND ULTRA-MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES UNDER CADMIUM STRESS IN OILSEEDRAPE | 第56-83页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第56-58页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第58-61页 |
| 4.2.1 Plant material and treatments | 第58-59页 |
| 4.2.2 Morphological parameters | 第59页 |
| 4.2.3 Determination of elements uptake | 第59-60页 |
| 4.2.4 Biochemical analysis | 第60页 |
| 4.2.5 Microscopic analysis | 第60页 |
| 4.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第60-61页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第61-78页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第78-82页 |
| 4.5 Conclusions | 第82-83页 |
| CHAPTER 5 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID MITIGATES CADMIUM-INDUCED CHANGES IN OILSEED RAPE ASREVEALED BY BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRA-STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF ROOTS | 第83-101页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第83-85页 |
| 5.2 Materials and methods | 第85-87页 |
| 5.2.1 Plant material | 第85页 |
| 5.2.2 Morphological attributes | 第85-86页 |
| 5.2.3 Analysis of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species | 第86页 |
| 5.2.4 Enzyme activities measurements | 第86页 |
| 5.2.5 Microscopic study | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第87页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第87-98页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第98-100页 |
| 5.5 Conclusions | 第100-101页 |
| CHAPTER 6 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID REGULATES CADMIUM-INDUCED METABOLIC AND PROTEOMICCHANGES IN OILSEED RAPE | 第101-126页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第101-103页 |
| 6.2 Materials and methods | 第103-107页 |
| 6.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第103页 |
| 6.2.2 Osmotic potential and relative water content | 第103-104页 |
| 6.2.3 Soluble sugar, free amino acid and proline contents | 第104页 |
| 6.2.4 Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters | 第104-105页 |
| 6.2.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage | 第105页 |
| 6.2.6 Protein extraction, visualization and quantification studies | 第105-107页 |
| 6.2.6.1 Soluble protein extraction and 2-DE analysis | 第105页 |
| 6.2.6.2 Protein visualization, image analysis and quantification | 第105-106页 |
| 6.2.6.3 Peptide and protein identification by database search | 第106-107页 |
| 6.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第107页 |
| 6.3 Results | 第107-119页 |
| 6.3.1 ALA improves the metabolic changes under Cd stress | 第107页 |
| 6.3.2 ALA up-regulates the Cd-induced fluorescence parameters | 第107-108页 |
| 6.3.3 Cd-induced proteomic changes in B. napus leaves and alleviation through ALA | 第108-119页 |
| 6.3.3.1 Classification of identified protein spots | 第108-111页 |
| 6.3.3.2 Functional distribution of the identified proteins | 第111-115页 |
| 6.3.3.3 Identified proteins under Cd stress conditions | 第115页 |
| 6.3.3.4 ALA alleviates proteomic changes under Cd stress | 第115-119页 |
| 6.4 Discussion | 第119-125页 |
| 6.4.1 ALA alleviates the Cd stress and improves the metabolic changes in B. napus | 第119-120页 |
| 6.4.2 ALA improves the Cd-induced photosynthetic fluorescence changes | 第120-121页 |
| 6.4.3 Proteomic features of B. napus leaves under the application of ALA and Cd | 第121-125页 |
| 6.4.3.1 CO_2 assimilation/photosynthesis | 第121-122页 |
| 6.4.3.2 Protein synthesis and regulation | 第122页 |
| 6.4.3.3 Carbohydrate metabolism | 第122-123页 |
| 6.4.3.4 Stress related proteins | 第123页 |
| 6.4.3.5 Redox homeostasis,defense and transport proteins | 第123-124页 |
| 6.4.3.6 ALA-induced regulated proteins under Cd stress | 第124-125页 |
| 6.5 Conclusions | 第125-126页 |
| CHAPTER 7 MAJOR FINDINGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 第126-128页 |
| 7.1 Major findings | 第126-127页 |
| 7.2 Future perspectives | 第127-128页 |
| REFERENCES | 第128-148页 |
| List of Publications | 第148页 |
