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Functional Analysis of the Homologous Recombination Repair Proteins HerA and NurA in the Thermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus Islandicus

Abstract第8-12页
Abbreviations第13-14页
1 Introduction第14-49页
    1.1 Archaea as the third domain of life第14-17页
        1.1.1 Sulfolobus第16-17页
    1.2 Types of DNA lesions and DNA repair第17-22页
        1.2.1 Types of DNA lesions第17-18页
        1.2.2 Types of DNA repair第18-21页
        1.2.3 DNA repair in archaea第21-22页
    1.3 The HRR pathways and helicase-nuclease complexes第22-39页
        1.3.1 The HRR pathways in bacteria第22-28页
            1.3.1.1 The RecBCD pathway第23-25页
            1.3.1.2 The RecFOR pathway第25页
            1.3.1.3 The SbcC-SbcD pathway第25页
            1.3.1.4 The RecE-RecT pathway第25-26页
            1.3.1.5 Two other helicase-nuclease complexes for dsDNA end resection-AddABand AdnAB第26-28页
        1.3.2 The HRR pathway in eukaryotes第28-35页
        1.3.3 The HRR pathway in archaea第35-39页
    1.4 Brief summary of Archaeal genetic systems第39-47页
        1.4.1 The development of Sulfolobus genetic systems第40-47页
            1.4.1.1 Transformation methods第40-41页
            1.4.1.2 Selectable markers第41-43页
            1.4.1.3 Recipient strains第43页
            1.4.1.4 Shuttle vectors第43-45页
            1.4.1.5 Reporter genes and promoters第45页
            1.4.1.6 Gene knockout strategies第45-47页
    1.5 The aims of the project第47-49页
2 The essentiality of HRR genes, herA,mre11,rad50, and nurA,and the conserved residues ofHerA and NurA proteins in Sulfolobus islandicus第49-63页
    2.1 Materials and Methods第49-54页
        2.1.1 Strains and plasmids第49-50页
        2.1.2 Main reagents and instruments第50页
        2.1.3 Formulae of main media and solutions第50页
        2.1.4 Isolation of S. islandicus genomic DNA第50页
        2.1.5 Preparation of E.coli and Sulfolobus competent cells第50页
        2.1.6 Construction of pSSR plasmids containing wild type or mutant herA and nurA forthe genetic complementation assay第50-52页
            2.1.6.1 Construction of complementation plasmids for herA and its mutant第50-51页
            2.1.6.2 Construction of complementation plasmids for nurA and its mutant第51-52页
        2.1.7 Transformation of E. coli and Sulfolobus第52页
            2.1.7.1 Transformation of E.coli第52页
            2.1.7.2 Transformation of Sulfolobus第52页
        2.1.8 Mutant propagation assay for analyzing gene essentiality第52-53页
        2.1.9 Genotype verification of the HerA and NurA complementation strains by PCR andsequencing第53-54页
            2.1.9.1 Genotype verification of the HerA complementation strains第53-54页
            2.1.9.2 Genotype verification of the NurA complementation strains第54页
    2.2 Results and discussion第54-62页
        2.2.1 The essentiality of herA,mre11, rad50, and nurA第54-55页
        2.2.2 Construction of HerA and NurA complementation plasmids第55-56页
        2.2.3 Genotype verification of the HerA complementation strains第56-59页
        2.2.4 Genotype verification of the NurA complementation strains第59-62页
    2.3 Summary第62-63页
3 Biochemical characterization of HerA,NurA and their mutants第63-80页
    3.1 Materials and Methods第63-68页
        3.1.1 Strains and plasmids第63页
        3.1.2 Main reagents, instruments, media, and solutions第63页
        3.1.3 Construction of heterologous expression plasmids第63-64页
            3.1.3.1 Construction of heterologous expression plasmids for HerA and its mutants第63-64页
            3.1.3.2 Construction of heterologous expression plasmids for NurA and its mutants第64页
        3.1.4 Protein purification第64-65页
            3.1.4.1 Purification of HerA and its mutants第64-65页
            3.1.4.2 Purification of NurA and its mutants第65页
        3.1.5 Preparation of DNA substrates for the DNA degradation assays第65-67页
            3.1.5.1 Synthesis of oligonucleotids第65-66页
            3.1.5.2 Preparation of DNA substrates第66-67页
        3.1.6 ATPase activity assay第67页
            3.1.6.1 The principle of ATPase activity assay第67页
            3.1.6.2 The procedure of ATPase activity assay第67页
        3.1.7 The DNA degradation assay of HerA-NurA第67-68页
        3.1.8 Analysis of the interaction between HerA and NurA mutants第68页
        3.1.9 Western blot analysis第68页
    3.2 Results and discussion第68-78页
        3.2.1 Construction of expression plasmids for HerA and NurA and protein purification第68-70页
        3.2.2 ATPase activity assay of HerA mutants第70-72页
        3.2.3 The DNA degradation assay of HerA-NurA第72-77页
        3.2.4 Analysis of the interaction between HerA and NurA mutants第77-78页
    3.3 Summary第78-80页
4 Immunofluorescence analysis of HRR proteins第80-87页
    4.1 Materials and Methods第80-81页
        4.1.1 Strains and plasmids第80页
        4.1.2 Main reagents, instruments, media, and solutions第80页
        4.1.3 Immunofluorescence assay第80-81页
    4.2 Results and discussion第81-86页
        4.2.1 The foci formation of HerA under normal condition第81-82页
        4.2.2 HerA foci formation after UV treatment第82-83页
        4.2.3 NurA foci formation under the physiological growth conditions and after UVtreatment第83-84页
        4.2.4 RadA foci formation in UV-irradiated or normal cells第84-86页
    4.3 Summary第86-87页
5 Study on HerA overexpression in S. islandicus第87-107页
    5.1 Materials and Methods第87-93页
        5.1.1 Strains and plasmids第87页
        5.1.2 Main reagents, instruments, media and solutions第87-88页
        5.1.3 Construction of the plasmids for HerA overexpression第88页
        5.1.4 Construction of different HerA overexpression strains第88-89页
        5.1.5 Detection of HerA expression levels in cells by Western blot第89页
        5.1.6 Protein Purification第89-90页
        5.1.7 Phenotype analyses of HerA overexpression strain第90-93页
            5.1.7.1 Determination of the growth and survival ratio (colony formation unit,CFU)第90页
            5.1.7.2 Microscopy analysis第90-91页
            5.1.7.3 Flow cytometry第91页
            5.1.7.4 Assay of the sensitivity to DNA damaging agents第91页
            5.1.7.5 Microarray analysis第91-93页
    5.2 Results and discussion第93-105页
        5.2.1 Construction of different HerA overexpression strains第93-96页
        5.2.2 The survival rate of HerA overexpression strain第96-97页
        5.2.3 Microscopy and flow cytometry analysis第97-100页
        5.2.4 Analysis of the sensitivity to DNA damaging agents第100-104页
        5.2.5 Microarray analysis第104-105页
    5.3 Summary第105-107页
6 Analyses of HerA-interacting proteins in vivo第107-116页
    6.1 Materials and Methods第107-110页
        6.1.1 Strains and plasmids第107页
        6.1.2 Main reagents, instruments, media and solutions第107页
        6.1.3 Construction of a plasmid for the addition of a His-tag-coding sequence to 5'endof chromosomal herA (in situ His-tagged)第107-108页
        6.1.4 Construction and verification of a strain encoding an in situ N-His-tagged HerA(pMIDHis-herA-T)第108页
        6.1.5 Protein purification第108-109页
            6.1.5.1 Purification of HerA from the strain pMIDHis-herA-T第108-109页
            6.1.5.2 Purification of the ATPase and Hjc from E. coli第109页
        6.1.6 Identification of HerA interacting proteins第109-110页
        6.1.7 Analysis of the interaction of HerA with the ATPase or Hjc by pull-down assay第110页
    6.2 Results and discussion第110-114页
        6.2.1 Construction and identification of pMIDHis-herA-T第110-111页
        6.2.2 Purification of the in situ His-tagged HerA第111-112页
        6.2.3 Identification of HerA interacting proteins第112-114页
    6.3 Summary第114-116页
7 Conclusion and prospect第116-121页
    7.1 Conclusion第116-118页
    7.2 Prospect第118-121页
Appendix第121-139页
    Appendix Ⅰ-Reagents第121-122页
    Appendix Ⅱ-Instruments第122-124页
    Appendix Ⅲ-Media第124-126页
    Appendix Ⅳ-Solutions第126-127页
    Appendix Ⅴ-Making E. coli competent cells by CaCl_2第127-128页
    Appendix Ⅵ-Systems for PCR, double digestion and ligation第128-130页
    Appendix Ⅶ-SOE PCR第130-132页
    Appendix Ⅷ-Gel Extraction Kit for recycling DNA第132-133页
    Appendix Ⅷ-Plasmid Mini Kit for plasmid extraction第133-134页
    Appendix Ⅹ-Transformation of S. islandicus cells第134-135页
    Appendix Ⅺ-Extraction of Sulfolobus genomic DNA第135-136页
    Appendix Ⅻ-Western blot assay第136-137页
    Appendix ⅩⅢ-The sequences of oligonucleotides used in this study第137-139页
References第139-153页
Acknowledgement第153-155页
Published paper第155-156页
学位论文评阅及答辩情况表第156-157页
附件第157-170页

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