| Acknowledgement | 第1-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-11页 |
| 摘要 | 第11-21页 |
| Chapter One: Introduction | 第21-39页 |
| ·Introduction and statement of the problem | 第21-23页 |
| ·Rationale of the study | 第23-26页 |
| ·Motivation for research and objective | 第26-28页 |
| ·Research questions | 第28-29页 |
| ·Research hypotheses | 第29-30页 |
| ·Significance of the study | 第30-32页 |
| ·Definition of key terms | 第32-39页 |
| ·Difference between GTM and CLT | 第32-37页 |
| ·Difference between EFL and ESL | 第37-39页 |
| Chapter Two: English Language Teaching in Pakistan | 第39-59页 |
| ·The present situation of ELT in Pakistan | 第39-44页 |
| ·Languages and language policy in Pakistan | 第44-51页 |
| ·Syllabus and testing system of English language | 第51-59页 |
| ·The current syllabus | 第53-54页 |
| ·Examination question papers of English | 第54-59页 |
| Chapter Three: Literature Review | 第59-95页 |
| ·The concept of communicative competence | 第59-62页 |
| ·Communicative language teaching | 第62-74页 |
| ·History of CLT | 第62-65页 |
| ·Characteristics of CLT | 第65-72页 |
| ·Two related hypotheses of CLT | 第72-73页 |
| ·The strong and weak versions of CLT | 第73-74页 |
| ·Applying communicative approach in EFL context | 第74-79页 |
| ·Examination washback | 第79-95页 |
| ·Concept and nature of washback effect | 第79-83页 |
| ·Positive and negative washback effect | 第83-85页 |
| ·Some pedagogical implications of washback effect | 第85-91页 |
| ·Fostering positive washback effect | 第91-95页 |
| Chapter Four: Experimental study | 第95-115页 |
| ·Research objective one | 第95-100页 |
| ·Research hypotheses | 第96-97页 |
| ·Sample population | 第97页 |
| ·Research instruments | 第97-98页 |
| ·Conducting experimental research | 第98-99页 |
| ·Validity and reliability issues | 第99-100页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第100-115页 |
| ·Achievement test of EG and CG (pre-test, post-test) | 第100-110页 |
| ·Attitude test of EG and CG (pre-test, post-test) | 第110-112页 |
| ·Variables involved in the study | 第112页 |
| ·Discussion | 第112-115页 |
| Chapter Five: Survey study | 第115-172页 |
| ·Research objective two | 第115-126页 |
| ·Research hypotheses | 第115-116页 |
| ·Participants of survey study | 第116-117页 |
| ·Research tools | 第117-123页 |
| ·Questionnaire | 第117-119页 |
| ·Observation schedule | 第119-120页 |
| ·Interview | 第120-123页 |
| ·Conducting survey research | 第123-125页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第125-126页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第126-165页 |
| ·The inquiry about current use of teaching methodology | 第126-140页 |
| ·The teachers‘ understanding of and their perceived difficulties in implementing CLT approach | 第140-154页 |
| ·The impact of washback on teaching methodology | 第154-165页 |
| ·The findings of this research and the previous literature | 第165-172页 |
| Chapter Six: Conclusion and recommendations | 第172-186页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第173-178页 |
| ·Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research | 第178-183页 |
| ·Recommendations | 第183-186页 |
| References | 第186-220页 |
| Appendices | 第220-248页 |
