| ABSTRACT | 第1-6页 |
| 摘 要 | 第6-10页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-20页 |
| ·Problem in Question | 第10-12页 |
| ·Historical Review | 第12-17页 |
| ·Syntactic Approaches | 第12-13页 |
| ·Pragmatic Approaches | 第13-15页 |
| ·Functional Approaches | 第15-16页 |
| ·Cognitive Approaches | 第16-17页 |
| ·Theoretical Background | 第17-19页 |
| ·Research Method | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter Two Backwards Anaphora within a Clause in English and Chinese | 第20-34页 |
| ·Prototypical Backwards Anaphora within a Clause | 第20-30页 |
| ·Preposed Process-Internal and –External Modifiers | 第21-22页 |
| ·Strong Effect of Linear Order: Process-External Modifiers | 第22-25页 |
| ·Weak Linear Order Effect: Process-Internal Modifiers | 第25-30页 |
| ·Non- Prototypical Backwards Anaphora in English and Chinese | 第30-34页 |
| Chapter Three Backwards Anaphora across Clauses in English and Chinese | 第34-42页 |
| ·Backwards Anaphora in Subordinate Clause | 第34-38页 |
| ·Backwards Anaphora in Embedded Clause | 第38-39页 |
| ·Backwards Anaphora in Conjoin Clause | 第39页 |
| ·Backwards Anaphora and Reidentification across Clauses | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter Four Discourse Level Backwards Anaphora in English and Chinese | 第42-45页 |
| Chapter Five Implication for Translation | 第45-55页 |
| ·Translation: Theory and Practice | 第45-46页 |
| ·Handling Sentential Level Backwards Anaphora in Translation | 第46-52页 |
| ·To Keep the Backwards Construction | 第46-48页 |
| ·To Use Forward Anaphora | 第48-50页 |
| ·To Use Zero Forms | 第50-51页 |
| ·To Replace Backwards Pronoun with Repeated Identification | 第51-52页 |
| ·Implication of Discourse Level Backwards Anaphora in Translation | 第52-55页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第55-58页 |
| Bibliography | 第58-60页 |
| Appendix | 第60-69页 |
