| Synopsis | 第1-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-17页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第17-26页 |
| ·Research background | 第17-24页 |
| ·The scope of the present study | 第24页 |
| ·The organization of the thesis | 第24-26页 |
| Chapter Two Word Meaning | 第26-30页 |
| ·Word meaning | 第26-29页 |
| ·Conceptual meaning | 第26页 |
| ·Connotative meaning | 第26-27页 |
| ·Affective meaning | 第27页 |
| ·Rhetorical meaning | 第27页 |
| ·Stylistic meaning | 第27-28页 |
| ·Pragmatic meaning | 第28-29页 |
| ·Grammatical meaning | 第29页 |
| ·Collocative meaning | 第29页 |
| ·Summary | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter Three Cultural Vacancy and Culture-specific Words | 第30-46页 |
| ·Culture and language | 第30-32页 |
| ·Definition of culture | 第30-31页 |
| ·Culture and language | 第31-32页 |
| ·Cultural vacancy | 第32-40页 |
| ·Semantic relationship between words of two languages | 第32-35页 |
| ·Semantic equivalence | 第33页 |
| ·Semantic entailment | 第33-34页 |
| ·Semantic overlapping | 第34页 |
| ·Semantic conflict | 第34-35页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy | 第35页 |
| ·Types of semantic vacancy | 第35-36页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy in conceptual meaning | 第35-36页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy in connotative meaning | 第36页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy in rhetorical meaning | 第36页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy in stylistic meaning | 第36页 |
| ·Semantic vacancy in pragmatic meaning | 第36页 |
| ·Causes of semantic vacancies | 第36-40页 |
| ·Cultural vacancy in living environments and life experience | 第37-38页 |
| ·Cultural vacancy in national customs and habits | 第38页 |
| ·Cultural vacancy in religion and superstition | 第38-39页 |
| ·Cultural vacancy in national mentality | 第39-40页 |
| ·Culture-specific words as a common linguistic phenomenon | 第40-45页 |
| ·Distinctive names | 第41页 |
| ·Words about distinctive objects | 第41页 |
| ·Words that have rich connotative meaning | 第41-43页 |
| ·Idioms, proverbs, sayings and allusions | 第43页 |
| ·Daily expression | 第43-44页 |
| ·Euphemisms, taboo words or abusive words | 第44页 |
| ·Terms of respect and humility | 第44-45页 |
| ·Summary | 第45-46页 |
| Chapter Four Translation of Culture-specific Words in Bilingual Dictionaries | 第46-77页 |
| ·The translatability and equivalents of culture-specific words | 第46-51页 |
| ·The translatability of culture-specific words | 第46-47页 |
| ·Translation and lexicography | 第47-49页 |
| ·Equivalence and equivalents | 第49-50页 |
| ·Modern concept of equivalence in bilingual dictionary translation | 第50-51页 |
| ·Methods to translate culture-specific words from Chinese to English | 第51-57页 |
| ·Transliteration | 第51-52页 |
| ·Literal translation | 第52-54页 |
| ·Free translation | 第54-55页 |
| ·Approximate translation | 第55-56页 |
| ·Descriptive translation | 第56页 |
| ·Cultural substitution | 第56-57页 |
| ·Translation theories for translating culture-specific words | 第57-60页 |
| ·Supplementary measures to translate culture-specific words in bilingual dictionaries | 第60-75页 |
| ·Glosses | 第61-63页 |
| ·Pictorial illustrations | 第63-66页 |
| ·Illustrative examples | 第66-68页 |
| ·Usage labels | 第68-70页 |
| ·Cultural notes | 第70-72页 |
| ·Usage notes | 第72-75页 |
| ·Cross references | 第75页 |
| ·Summary | 第75-77页 |
| Chapter Five Problems in the Translation of Culture-specific Words in Chinese-English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners | 第77-97页 |
| ·User perspective | 第77页 |
| ·The importance of the bilingual dictionary for foreign language learning | 第77-79页 |
| ·Learner’s bilingual dictionary | 第79-83页 |
| ·Foreign learners’ reference needs | 第83-85页 |
| ·Problems in the translation of culture-specific words in existing Chinese-English dictionaries | 第85-96页 |
| ·Lack of equivalent or inadequate equivalents | 第85-87页 |
| ·Lack of glosses where needed | 第87-88页 |
| ·Insufficient cultural background information | 第88-91页 |
| ·Insufficient usage labels | 第91-92页 |
| ·Insufficient usage notes | 第92-93页 |
| ·Lack of pictorial illustration | 第93-94页 |
| ·Inadequate illustrative examples | 第94-95页 |
| ·Lack of cross references | 第95页 |
| ·Improper language of general direction | 第95-96页 |
| ·Summary | 第96-97页 |
| Chapter Six Guidelines and Ways to Improve the Translation of Culture-specific Words in the Chinese-English Dictionary for Foreign Learners | 第97-106页 |
| ·Guidelines for improving the translation of culture-specific words in the Chinese-English dictionary for foreign learners | 第97-98页 |
| ·Solutions to problems in the translation of culture-specific words in Chinese-English dictionaries | 第98-105页 |
| ·Create equivalents for culture-specific words | 第98-101页 |
| ·Add glosses to newly created equivalents | 第101-102页 |
| ·Provide cultural background information for words that have culture-specific connotative meaning and words of allusions | 第102-103页 |
| ·Provide detailed usage labels | 第103页 |
| ·Provide usage notes | 第103-104页 |
| ·Increase illustrative examples | 第104页 |
| ·Add pictorial illustrations and cross references | 第104-105页 |
| ·Summary | 第105-106页 |
| Chapter Seven Conclusion | 第106-108页 |
| Bibliography | 第108-113页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第113页 |
