| 中文摘要 | 第1-20页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第20-25页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第25-27页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Literature Review | 第27-41页 |
| 1. Shortage of feed | 第27-28页 |
| 2. Availability of crop residues | 第28页 |
| 3. Availability of rice straw | 第28-29页 |
| 4. Straw composition | 第29-30页 |
| 5. Problems associated with feeding crop residues | 第30-31页 |
| 6. Pretreatments of crop residues | 第31-36页 |
| ·Goalls of pretreatments | 第32-33页 |
| ·Methods of pretreatment of crop residues | 第33-36页 |
| ·Physical pretreatment | 第33-34页 |
| ·Chemical pretreatment | 第34-35页 |
| ·Biological pretreatment | 第35页 |
| ·Physicochemical pretreatments | 第35-36页 |
| 7. Steam treatment | 第36-38页 |
| ·Effects steam treatment on chemical composition of straw | 第36-37页 |
| ·Effects Steam treatment on digestibility of straw | 第37-38页 |
| Research goals | 第38-41页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Evaluation of steam treated rice straw as ruminant feed | 第41-53页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第42-43页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第43-46页 |
| ·Samples preparation and steam explosion treatments | 第43-44页 |
| ·Chemical analysis of sample grasses | 第44-45页 |
| ·In vitro fermentation | 第45页 |
| ·Determination of volatile fatty acids(VFA)by gas chromatography | 第45-46页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第46页 |
| 3. Results | 第46-51页 |
| ·Chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw | 第46-47页 |
| ·Volatile fatty acids(VFAs) | 第47-48页 |
| ·In vitro DMD,OMD,NDF,ADF | 第48-49页 |
| ·In vitro gas production and pH | 第49-51页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第51-52页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第52-53页 |
| CHAPTER 3 Comparative studies of nutritive values and In vitro degradability of steam treatedrice straw with Chinese wild rye and Alfalfa | 第53-65页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第54-55页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第55-57页 |
| ·Samples preparation | 第55页 |
| ·Chemical analysis of sample grasses | 第55页 |
| ·In vitro fermentation | 第55-56页 |
| ·NH_3-N determination | 第56-57页 |
| ·Determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs)by gas chromatography | 第57页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第57页 |
| 3. Results | 第57-61页 |
| ·Chemical composition | 第57-58页 |
| ·In vitro degradability | 第58-60页 |
| ·Volatile fatty acids | 第60-61页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第61-63页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第63-65页 |
| CHAPTER 4 Digestibility, growth performance, plasma anti-oxidative potential and rumenmorphology of growing meat goats fed with steam treated rice straw diet | 第65-81页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第66-67页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第67-72页 |
| ·Steam treatment of rice straw | 第67页 |
| ·Site and description of the study area | 第67-68页 |
| ·Digestibility trail | 第68-69页 |
| ·Animals and management | 第68页 |
| ·Chemical analysis of feeds and feces | 第68-69页 |
| ·Growth trail | 第69-72页 |
| ·Animals and management | 第69-70页 |
| ·Feeding | 第70页 |
| ·Body weight measurements | 第70页 |
| ·Blood sampling | 第70页 |
| ·Plasma TAOC,SOD and TBARS determination | 第70-71页 |
| ·Plasma ALT and AST determination | 第71页 |
| ·Relative organ weights | 第71页 |
| ·Determination of gut and rumen morphology | 第71-72页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第72页 |
| 3. Results | 第72-76页 |
| ·Nutrients retention under metabolic cages | 第72页 |
| ·Growth performance and relative organ weights | 第72-73页 |
| ·Antioxidant and hepatic enzymes activities in plasma | 第73-75页 |
| ·Gut and rumen morphology | 第75-76页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第76-79页 |
| ·Apparent nutrients utilization and growth performance | 第76-77页 |
| ·Antioxidant and hepatic enzyme activities in plasma | 第77-78页 |
| ·Gut and rumen morphology | 第78-79页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第79-81页 |
| CHAPTER 5 Effects of steam treated rice straw feeding on growth,digestibility and plasma volatilefatty acids of goats under different housing stems | 第81-95页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第82-83页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第83-87页 |
| ·Steam treatment of rice straw | 第83页 |
| ·Location and description of the study area | 第83页 |
| ·Animals management and feeding | 第83-85页 |
| ·Body weight measurements | 第85页 |
| ·Blood sampling and plasma analysis | 第85页 |
| ·Digestibility trial | 第85-86页 |
| ·Chemical analysis of feeds and feces | 第86页 |
| ·Determination of plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs) | 第86页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第86-87页 |
| 3. Results | 第87-91页 |
| ·Growth performance | 第87页 |
| ·Apparent nutrient utilization | 第87-88页 |
| ·Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones | 第88-89页 |
| ·Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase | 第89-90页 |
| ·Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs)profile | 第90-91页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第91-94页 |
| ·Growth performance and apparent nutrient utilization | 第91-92页 |
| ·Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones | 第92-93页 |
| ·Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase | 第93-94页 |
| ·Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profile | 第94页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第94-95页 |
| CHAPTER 6 Carcass quality,fatty acid profile,and lipid oxidation of longissimus muscle of goatsreceiving untreated or steam treated rice straw based diets | 第95-109页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第96-97页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第97-101页 |
| ·Steam treatment of rice straw | 第97页 |
| ·Location and description of the study area | 第97-98页 |
| ·Animals management and feeding | 第98-99页 |
| ·Meat sampling and carcass traits | 第99页 |
| ·Muscle pH and color | 第99页 |
| ·Chemical analysis of meat | 第99-100页 |
| ·Determination of fatty acid profile of meat | 第100页 |
| ·Determination of lipid oxidation | 第100页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第100-101页 |
| 3. Results | 第101-105页 |
| ·Chemical composition of meat | 第101页 |
| ·Carcass traits | 第101-102页 |
| ·pH and meat color | 第102-103页 |
| ·Meat fatty acid profile | 第103-105页 |
| ·Lipid oxidation | 第105页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第105-108页 |
| ·Chemical composition of meat | 第105-106页 |
| ·pH and meat color | 第106-107页 |
| ·Meat fatty acid profile | 第107-108页 |
| ·Lipid oxidation | 第108页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第108-109页 |
| SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION | 第109-111页 |
| FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS | 第111-113页 |
| REFFERENCES | 第113-137页 |
| PUBLICATIONS | 第137-138页 |
