| ABSTRACT | 第1-10页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第10-14页 |
| LIST OF FIGURES AND SCHEMES | 第14-21页 |
| LIST OF TABLES | 第21-22页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第22-24页 |
| Chapter 1 General Introduction | 第24-48页 |
| ·Recognition Elements in Biosensing | 第26-29页 |
| ·Non-DNA-based Recognition Elements | 第26-27页 |
| ·DNA-based Recognition Elements | 第27-29页 |
| ·Reporting Strategies in Aptamer-based Biosensing | 第29-40页 |
| ·Colorimetric Strategies | 第30-35页 |
| ·Fluorescence Strategies | 第35-39页 |
| ·Electrochemical and Other Strategies | 第39-40页 |
| ·Signal Enhancement Strategies in Aptamer-based Biosensing | 第40-46页 |
| ·Catalytic Nucleic Acid (DNAzyme)-based Amplification | 第40-41页 |
| ·Nanoparticles-based Amplification | 第41-42页 |
| ·Enzyme-Assisted Target or DNA Strands Recycling | 第42-44页 |
| ·Rolling-Cycle Amplification (RCA) | 第44-45页 |
| ·Enzyme-Free Amplification Strategies | 第45-46页 |
| ·Objectives of This Thesis | 第46-48页 |
| Chapter 2 Detection of Pb~(2+) using Unmodified AuNPs as SignalEnhancement and Transduction Element | 第48-62页 |
| ·Introduction | 第50-51页 |
| ·Experimental section | 第51-52页 |
| ·Materials and Apparatus | 第51页 |
| ·Synthesis of AuNPs | 第51-52页 |
| ·CD Measurements | 第52页 |
| ·Detection of Pb~(2+) | 第52页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第52-61页 |
| ·The principle of the Sensing System | 第52-53页 |
| ·Characterization of the G-quadruplex Formation using CD and Absorption Difference Spectra | 第53-55页 |
| ·Characterization of AuNPs | 第55-56页 |
| ·Optimization of the Sensing System | 第56-58页 |
| ·Performance of the Two Sensing System, TBA and PW17 | 第58-61页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第61-62页 |
| Chapter 3 The Unfolding of G-quadruplexes in the Presence of AuNPs | 第62-80页 |
| ·Introduction | 第64-65页 |
| ·Experimental Section | 第65-67页 |
| ·Materials and Apparatus | 第65-66页 |
| ·CD Measurements | 第66页 |
| ·Adsorption Kinetics of Random Coiled ssDNAs and G-quadruplexes onto AuNPs | 第66-67页 |
| ·Preparation of Samples for ICP-AES | 第67页 |
| ·Non-denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis | 第67页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第67-77页 |
| ·The Study on the Interaction between G-quadruplexes and AuNPs | 第68-77页 |
| ·Effect of the Potential Unfolding of G-quadruplex to Sensing System | 第77页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第77-80页 |
| Chapter 4 Double-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles with SplitAptamer for the Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate | 第80-92页 |
| ·Introduction | 第82-83页 |
| ·Experimental Section | 第83-85页 |
| ·Materials and Apparatus | 第83-84页 |
| ·Preparation of AuNPs-DNA Conjugates | 第84-85页 |
| ·ATP Response | 第85页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第85-91页 |
| ·Design and Working Principle of the Double-Functionalized AuNP-DNA Sensing System | 第85-87页 |
| ·Effect of Mg~(2+) Concentrations and Aptamer Fragments Densities | 第87-89页 |
| ·Sensitivity and Selectivity | 第89-91页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第91-92页 |
| Chapter 5 A Strand Displacement Reaction Cycle Catalyzed by ATP Aptamer and Its application in the Detection of ATP | 第92-106页 |
| ·Introduction | 第94-95页 |
| ·Experimental Section | 第95-98页 |
| ·Materials and Apparatus | 第95-96页 |
| ·Non-denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis | 第96-97页 |
| ·Demonstration of the Catalytic SDR Cycle with Labeled Oligonucleotides | 第97页 |
| ·ATP Detection | 第97-98页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第98-104页 |
| ·Sequence design of the catalytic SDR cycle | 第98页 |
| ·Demonstration of the catalytic SDR cycle | 第98-101页 |
| ·Optimization of the Biosensing System | 第101-102页 |
| ·Sensitivity and Selectivity | 第102-104页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第104-106页 |
| Chapter 6 A Target Triggered Strand Displacement Reaction Cycle:theDesign and Application in ATP Sensing | 第106-120页 |
| ·Introduction | 第108-109页 |
| ·Experimentl Section | 第109-112页 |
| ·Materials and Apparatus | 第109-110页 |
| ·Non-denaturing PAGE | 第110-111页 |
| ·Demonstration of the catalytic SDR cycle with labeled oligonucleotides | 第111页 |
| ·ATP Detection | 第111-112页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第112-119页 |
| ·Sequence Design of the Target Triggered Cycle | 第112页 |
| ·Demonstration of the Catalytic SDR Cycle | 第112-116页 |
| ·Effect of Mg~(2+) Concentration on the Sensing System | 第116-117页 |
| ·Sensitivity and Selectivity | 第117-119页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第119-120页 |
| Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future work | 第120-124页 |
| Chapter 8 References | 第124-146页 |
| APPENDIX Ⅰ. ARTICLES | 第146-148页 |
| APPENDIX Ⅱ. Simplified Version of This Thesis in Chinese | 第148-164页 |
