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REGγ Deficiency Inhibits Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer through Regulation of TGF-β/Smad Signaling

摘要第6-8页
ABSTRACT第8-9页
Chapter No.1第13-54页
    1. Introduction/ Literature review第13-54页
        1.1. REGγ第13-18页
            1.1.1. REGγ and the Proteasome System第13-14页
            1.1.2. Regulation of REGγ第14-16页
            1.1.3. Function and biological importance of REGγ第16页
            1.1.4. Role of REGγ in cancer 34第16-18页
        1.2. Cadherin第18-21页
            1.2.1. Structure of cadherin第19页
            1.2.2. Function of cadherin第19-20页
            1.2.3. Cadherin-catenin complex第20-21页
        1.3. E-cadherin第21-30页
            1.3.1. E-cadherin structure第22-24页
            1.3.2. E-cadherin expression第24-26页
            1.3.3. Different forms of E-cadherin第26-27页
                1.3.3.1. Membrane tethered E-cadherin第26页
                1.3.3.2. Soluble E-cadherin第26-27页
            1.3.4. Function of E-cadherin第27-28页
                1.3.4.1. Mutation in E-cadherin第27-28页
                1.3.4.2. Downregulation of E-cadherin第28页
                1.3.4.3. Upregulation of E-cadherin第28页
            1.3.5. Role of E-cadherin in cancer第28-30页
                1.3.5.1. Negative correlation with cancer progression第29页
                1.3.5.2. Positive correlation with cancer progression第29-30页
        1.4. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)第30-35页
            1.4.1. Morphological changes during EMT第31-32页
            1.4.2. Function of EMT第32-33页
            1.4.3. Role of EMT transcription factors in caner metastasis第33-35页
                1.4.3.1. Snail第34页
                1.4.3.2. Zeb第34-35页
                1.4.3.3. Twist第35页
        1.5. Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET)第35-37页
            1.5.1. Mechanism and signaling of MET regulation第36-37页
        1.6. Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β)第37-43页
            1.6.1. Mechanism of TGF-β Signaling第38-39页
            1.6.2. TGF-β receptors第39页
            1.6.3. TGF-β signaling Smad dependent第39-41页
            1.6.4. TGF-β Smad-independent signaling第41-43页
        1.7. Smad第43-44页
        1.8. Thyroid cancer第44-51页
            1.8.1. Types of thyroid cancer第46-48页
                1.8.1.1. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma第46页
                1.8.1.2. Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma第46-47页
                1.8.1.3. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma第47页
                1.8.1.4. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma第47-48页
            1.8.2. Thyroid cancer transcriptional factors第48-51页
                1.8.2.1. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)第48-49页
                1.8.2.2. Thyroid transcription factor-1第49-50页
                1.8.2.3. Paired box 8第50-51页
        1.9. Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway第51-54页
Chapter No. 2第54-71页
    2. Material and Methods第54-71页
        2.1. Cell lines and cell culturing第54页
        2.2. Antibodies and Material第54页
        2.3. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)第54-55页
            2.3.1. siRNA transfection第55页
        2.4. Plasmid DNA第55页
            2.4.1. Plasmid DNA transfection第55页
        2.5. Generation of stable cell lines第55-56页
        2.6. RNA extraction第56页
        2.7. Reverse Transcription (RT)第56-57页
        2.8. Real-time PCR第57-58页
        2.9. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)第58-60页
        2.10. Western blotting analysis第60-62页
        2.11. Cell Proliferation Assay by MTT第62页
        2.12. Colony formation assay第62-63页
        2.13. Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining第63-64页
        2.14. Wound healing migration assay第64页
        2.15. Transwell (Boyden Chamber) cell migration assay第64-65页
        2.16. Cell cycle analysis第65-66页
        2.17. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining第66-67页
        2.18. Three-dimensional(3D)and Two-dimensional(2D)cell culture第67-68页
        2.19. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)第68-70页
        2.20. Animals care第70-71页
Chapter No. 3第71-121页
    Results Part Ⅰ第71-105页
        3.1. siREGγ depletion increases E-cadherin expression in thyroid cancer cells第71-72页
        3.2. Stable knockdown of REGγ increases E-cadherin in thyroid cancer cells第72-75页
        3.3. REGγ-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin in mice tissues第75-78页
        3.4. Inversely correlation between REGγ and E-cadherin in thyroid cancer patients第78-79页
        3.5. Overexpression of REGγ inhibits E-cadherin第79-80页
        3.6. REGγ depletion induces EMT in thyroid cancer 68第80-84页
        3.7. REGγ induces EMT like phenotype in thyroid cancer第84-87页
            3.7.1. Phase contrast images of cells morphology第84-85页
            3.7.2. Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional cell culture morphology第85-87页
        3.8. REGγ knockdown inhibits cell migration in thyroid cancer第87-91页
        3.9. TGF-β induces EMT第91-93页
        3.10. TGF-β induces EMT phenotype in REGγ deficient cells第93-94页
        3.11. TGF-β dependent downregulation of E-cadherin第94-96页
        3.12. TGF-β enhances cell migration in thyroid cancer cells 84第96-101页
        3.13. REGγ downregulates Smurf2 and regulates Smad3 signaling第101-105页
    Results Part Ⅱ第105-109页
        3.14. REGγ knockdown promotes thyroid-specific genes expression第105-108页
        3.15. TGF-β inhibits thyroid-specific genes expression第108-109页
    Results Part Ⅲ第109-113页
        3.16. REGγ knockdown inhibits proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells第109-110页
        3.17. REGγ deficiency upregulates EMT-associated genes expression in lung cancer cells第110-112页
        3.18. REGγ downregulates Smurf2 in lung cancer cells第112-113页
    Results Part Ⅳ第113-121页
        3.19. Morphological apoptosis of REGγ knockdown thyroid cancer cells第113-114页
        3.20. siREGγ knockdown inhibits colony formation in thyroid cancer cells第114-115页
        3.21. REGγ knockdown reduces cell proliferation in thyroid cancer cells第115-116页
        3.22. REGγ deficiency induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells第116-118页
        3.23. REGγ deficiency induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells第118页
        3.24. REGγ knockdown induces cell cycle arrest in thyroid cancer cells第118-121页
4. Discussion第121-126页
Conclusion第126-127页
References第127-151页
Acknowledgements第151页

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