| ABSTRACT | 第1-6页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第6-10页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-12页 |
| Chapter Two Two Different Attitudes Towards Metaphors of EST- Depreciation and Appreciation | 第12-17页 |
| ·Depreciation | 第12-16页 |
| ·Appreciation | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Bases of Different Attitudes Toward Metaphors | 第17-51页 |
| ·Advocation of the logical relativism | 第18-19页 |
| ·Limitation of cognitive capacity | 第18页 |
| ·Development of science | 第18-19页 |
| ·The possibility of using metaphors in scientific language | 第19页 |
| ·Evolution process of metaphor's status and function | 第19-51页 |
| ·Traditional view before the 1930's | 第20页 |
| ·Richards and Black's interactionism | 第20-22页 |
| ·Lakoff's experientialism | 第22-23页 |
| ·Halliday's Lexical Metaphor Theory and Grammatical Metaphor Theory | 第23-51页 |
| ·Major modi of lexical metaphor in scientific discourse | 第24-34页 |
| ·Concretization | 第24-27页 |
| ·Manification | 第27-28页 |
| ·Minimization | 第28页 |
| ·Animalization | 第28-31页 |
| ·Mechanization | 第31页 |
| ·Mutual- fertilization | 第31-33页 |
| ·De-technicalization | 第33-34页 |
| ·Grammartical metaphor in scientific discourse | 第34-51页 |
| ·A critique of the traditional conception: a defense of the Hallidayan theory | 第35-43页 |
| ·Elucidating "congruent" | 第43-46页 |
| ·Classification of grammatical metaphor | 第46-48页 |
| ·Ideational grammatical metaphor | 第46-47页 |
| ·Interpersonal grammatical metaphor | 第47-48页 |
| ·Halliday's reclassifications of grammatical metaphor (13 types of grammatical metaphor) | 第48-51页 |
| Chapter Four Important Roles of Scientific Metaphors | 第51-65页 |
| ·Function in filling lexical gaps | 第52-53页 |
| ·Function in naming theories | 第53-54页 |
| ·Function of illustration | 第54-56页 |
| ·Function of cognition | 第56-61页 |
| ·Creating a new meaning | 第56-57页 |
| ·Providing a new angle | 第57-59页 |
| ·Scientific hypotheses and metaphors | 第59-61页 |
| ·Function in interlinking different disciplines | 第61-64页 |
| ·Within social sciences | 第62页 |
| ·Within natural sciences | 第62-63页 |
| ·Between social sciences and natural sciences | 第63-64页 |
| ·Other funcioins | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter Five Types of Scientific Metaphors and Their Language Features | 第65-74页 |
| ·Types of scientific metaphors-radical metaphors and derivative metaphors | 第65-69页 |
| ·Language features of scientific metaphors as contrasted with literal metaphor | 第69-74页 |
| ·Difference in clarity and richness | 第70-71页 |
| ·Difference in stability | 第71-72页 |
| ·Difference in interpreters and exhaustiveness of interpretation | 第72-73页 |
| ·Difference in open-endedness | 第73-74页 |
| Chapter Six The Application of Metaphor in the teaching of EST | 第74-79页 |
| ·Background | 第74-75页 |
| ·Teaching metaphor and metaphorical teaching in EST: an experiment | 第75-79页 |
| ·The tentative conclusion from the experiment | 第79页 |
| Chapter Seven Conclusions | 第79-82页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第82-83页 |
| Bibliography | 第83-85页 |
