| Acknowledgements | 第1-13页 |
| Abstract | 第13-26页 |
| 1 INTRODUCTION | 第26-27页 |
| 2 ROLE OF ICT IN EDUCATION | 第27-36页 |
| ·Rational for introducing ICT into schools | 第27-32页 |
| ·Effects of ICT on students | 第28-31页 |
| ·Effects of ICT on teachers | 第31-32页 |
| ·Effects of ICT on school administration and management | 第32页 |
| ·Board purposes of ICT in schools | 第32-36页 |
| 3 BACKGROUND OF ICT EDUCATION IN CONGO | 第36-48页 |
| ·Background of Congolese Education | 第36-40页 |
| ·Congolese ICT Profile | 第40-42页 |
| ·Necessity to introduce ICT | 第42-45页 |
| ·Impact of ICT on people's work | 第43页 |
| ·Economic empowerment through ICT | 第43-44页 |
| ·People's political empowerment through ICT | 第44页 |
| ·Ensuring People's ability to take advantage of ICT opportunities | 第44-45页 |
| ·Problems hindering effective application | 第45-47页 |
| ·Lack of Trained staff | 第45页 |
| ·Poor infrastructure | 第45-46页 |
| ·Financial Constraints | 第46页 |
| ·Poor cooperation among institutions and lack of effective legislation | 第46-47页 |
| ·Access | 第47页 |
| Conclusion | 第47-48页 |
| 4 THEORIES AND STRATEGIES IMPROVING ICT IN CONGOLESE EDUCATION | 第48-87页 |
| ·Theories of Computer Supported Collaborative learning | 第48-59页 |
| Introduction | 第48-50页 |
| ·Vygotsky's Socio-cultural theory | 第50页 |
| ·Constructivism theory | 第50-54页 |
| ·Problem-based learning | 第54-55页 |
| ·Distributed cognition | 第55-56页 |
| ·Cognitive flexibility theory | 第56页 |
| ·Cognitive apprenticeship | 第56-57页 |
| ·Situated cognition | 第57页 |
| ·Self regulated learning | 第57-58页 |
| Conclusion | 第58-59页 |
| ·Strategies | 第59-76页 |
| Introduction | 第59-60页 |
| ·a. Strategies concerning the Economic planning and the management of a plan of integration of ICT | 第60-70页 |
| ·a.1. Adopt a systematic approach | 第60-61页 |
| ·a.2. Have a global objective of educational reorganization | 第61页 |
| ·a.3. Have a long-term vision of the process of change | 第61-62页 |
| ·a.4. A reasonable time to proceed to the setting-up of ICT | 第62页 |
| ·a.5. Realistic objectives and respect them | 第62页 |
| ·a.6. Look for the support of the school authorities | 第62-64页 |
| ·a.7. Use the leadership of the human resources already in place | 第64页 |
| ·a.8. Adopt a collaborative model of decision | 第64-65页 |
| ·a.9. Set up an organizational structure to plan and manage the project | 第65页 |
| ·a.10. Look for consensus on the orientations of the project | 第65-66页 |
| ·a.11. Look of the support of the parents | 第66页 |
| ·a.12. Look forward take advantage of external assistant | 第66页 |
| ·a.13. Estimate the degree of visibility wished by the project of change | 第66-67页 |
| ·a.14. Make a preliminary analysis of the context | 第67页 |
| ·a.15. Foresee a continuation to the project of integration of ICT | 第67-68页 |
| ·a.16. Analyze the project of integration of ICT with several angles | 第68页 |
| ·a.17. Adopt parallel strategy of setting up | 第68-69页 |
| ·a.18. Assess the process of integration of ICT in education | 第69-70页 |
| ·b. Strategies concerning the diffusion of the information in the environment in change | 第70-71页 |
| ·b.1. Diffuse an exact and understandable information about the project of innovation and about the innovation itself | 第70-71页 |
| ·b.2. Plan the mode of communication to be privileged | 第71页 |
| ·b.3. Maintain the expectations at the realistic level | 第71页 |
| ·c. Strategies concerning equipment and software | 第71-74页 |
| ·c.1. Try to maximize the access to equipment | 第71-72页 |
| ·c.2. Verify the compatibility of equipments | 第72页 |
| ·c.3. Aim first on the teacher | 第72-73页 |
| ·c.4. Think about classroom and not about labor | 第73页 |
| ·c.5. Make a good choice of software | 第73-74页 |
| ·d Strategies concerning the training and the support to the users | 第74-76页 |
| ·d.1. Sufficient Capital to the training | 第74页 |
| ·d.2. Set up the maximal conditions for the training | 第74-76页 |
| ·d.3. Foresee mechanisms of follow-up of training | 第76页 |
| ·Theories and Strategies improving ICT in Congolese Education | 第76-87页 |
| ·Theories and strategies concerning the economic planning and the management of a plan of integration of ICT | 第76-80页 |
| ·Theories and strategies concerning the diffusion of information in the environment of change | 第80-81页 |
| ·Theories and strategies concerning equipment and software | 第81-82页 |
| ·Theories and strategies concerning the training and the support to the users | 第82-87页 |
| 5 RECOMMENDATIONS | 第87-91页 |
| 6 GENERAL CONCLUSION | 第91-95页 |
| 7 REFERENCES | 第95-100页 |
| 8 ANNEXES | 第100-105页 |
