| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第6-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8-9页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-15页 |
| CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION | 第15-35页 |
| 1.1. Urinary Bladder Cancer | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2. Apoptosis | 第17-22页 |
| 1.2.1. Reactive oxygen species | 第19-22页 |
| 1.3. Medicinal Plants | 第22-34页 |
| 1.3.1. Chinese Traditional Medicines | 第22-23页 |
| 1.3.2. Sesquiterpene Lactones | 第23-27页 |
| 1.3.2.1. Costunolide | 第24-25页 |
| 1.3.2.2. Isoalantolactone | 第25-26页 |
| 1.3.2.3. Altholactone | 第26-27页 |
| 1.3.3. Alkaloids | 第27-30页 |
| 1.3.3.1. Evodiamine | 第29-30页 |
| 1.3.4. Triterpenoid Saponins | 第30-31页 |
| 1.3.4.1. Tubeimoside-1 | 第30-31页 |
| 1.3.5. Dracorhodin Perchlorate | 第31-34页 |
| 1.4. Aims and Objectives of Present Study | 第34-35页 |
| CHAPTER 2: MATERIAL AND METHODS | 第35-40页 |
| 2.1. Chemicals and Reagents | 第35页 |
| 2.2. Cell Culture | 第35页 |
| 2.3. Cell Proliferation Assay | 第35-36页 |
| 2.4. Morphological Observation under Phase Contrast and Fluorescence Microscope | 第36页 |
| 2.5. Live/Dead Assay | 第36-37页 |
| 2.6. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Cycle | 第37页 |
| 2.7. Flow Cytometric Determination of Apoptosis | 第37-38页 |
| 2.8. Flow Cytometric Determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in T24 Cells | 第38页 |
| 2.9. Flow Cytometric Determination of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (△ψm) | 第38页 |
| 2.10. Western Blotting | 第38-39页 |
| 2.11. Statistical Analysis of Data | 第39-40页 |
| CHAPTER 3: RESULTS | 第40-76页 |
| 3.1. Sesquiterpene lactones exerts anti-proliferative activity | 第40-55页 |
| 3.1.1. Costunolide decreases cell proliferation in T24 cells | 第40-42页 |
| 3.1.2. Costunolide induced morphological changes and ell death in T24 cells | 第42-45页 |
| 3.1.3. Costunolide Induced G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in T24 Cells | 第45-47页 |
| 3.1.4. Costunolide Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in T24 Cells | 第47-49页 |
| 3.1.5. Costunolide Increased Generation of ROS in T24 Cells | 第49-51页 |
| 3.1.6. Costunolide Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in T24 cells | 第51-53页 |
| 3.1.7. Costunolide Regulated Apoptosis-Related Proteins in T24 Cells | 第53-55页 |
| 3.2. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibited proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells | 第55-64页 |
| 3.2.1. Dracorhodin perchlorate induced apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells | 第57-59页 |
| 3.2.2. Dracorhodin perchlorate-induced apoptosis was associated with dissipation ofmitochondrial membrane potential | 第59-61页 |
| 3.2.3. Dracorhodin perchlorate-induced apoptosis was associated with caspase-3activation | 第61-63页 |
| 3.2.4. Dracorhodin perchlorate down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2,Bcl-X_L, andsurvivin in T24 cells | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3. Isoalantolactone decreases cell proliferation in T24 cells | 第64-66页 |
| 3.4. Altholactone decreases cell proliferation in T24 cells | 第66-68页 |
| 3.5. Alkaloids exert anti-proliferative activity | 第68-70页 |
| 3.5.1. Evodiamine decreases cell proliferation in T24 cells | 第68-70页 |
| 3.6. Triterpenoid saponins exert anti-proliferative activity | 第70-76页 |
| 3.6.1. Tubeimoside-1 decreases cell proliferation in T24 cells | 第70-72页 |
| 3.6.2. Summary of anti-proliferation effect of sesquiterpene lactones on human bladdercancer cell line T24 | 第72-74页 |
| 3.6.3. The IC50 values of anti-proliferation affect of all five natural compounds used inthis study on human bladder cancer cell ine T24 | 第74-76页 |
| CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION | 第76-81页 |
| Novel findings and significance | 第81-82页 |
| CONCLUSION | 第82-83页 |
| CHAPTER 5: REFERENCES | 第83-105页 |
| List of Publications during Master Degree | 第105-106页 |
| 附件 | 第106页 |
