| Abstract | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-8页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第8-12页 |
| ·General remarks of discourse markers | 第8-9页 |
| ·The significance and purpose of the thesis | 第9-11页 |
| ·The structure of the thesis | 第11-12页 |
| 2 Literature Review | 第12-22页 |
| ·The definitions of discourse markers | 第12-14页 |
| ·The features of discourse markers | 第14-15页 |
| ·Classifications of discourse markers | 第15-16页 |
| ·Three approaches to discourse markers | 第16-20页 |
| ·The coherence-based approach to discourse markers | 第16-18页 |
| ·The grammatical-pragmatic approach to discourse markers | 第18-19页 |
| ·The relevance-theoretic approach to discourse markers | 第19-20页 |
| ·Summary | 第20-22页 |
| 3 Theoretical framework | 第22-31页 |
| ·A general introduction of adaptation theory | 第22-25页 |
| ·Making choices in language | 第22-23页 |
| ·Four angles of adaptation theory | 第23-25页 |
| ·Three properties of discourse markers | 第25-29页 |
| ·Variability of discourse markers | 第26页 |
| ·Negotiability of discourse markers | 第26-28页 |
| ·Adaptability of discourse markers | 第28-29页 |
| ·Adaptation model of discourse markers | 第29-31页 |
| 4 Discourse markers in U.S. presidential debate from the perspective ofadaptation theory | 第31-46页 |
| ·Debate | 第31-32页 |
| ·Methodology and data collection | 第32页 |
| ·Classifications of discourse markers used in the six presidential debates 25 | 第32-35页 |
| ·Discourse markers as adaptation to linguistic reality | 第35-39页 |
| ·Adaptation to be a signal of information receipt | 第35-36页 |
| ·Adaptation to be a signal of comments | 第36-38页 |
| ·Adaptation to be a signal of filler | 第38-39页 |
| ·Discourse markers adapting to social world | 第39-42页 |
| ·Adaptation to social conventions | 第40-41页 |
| ·Adaptation to politeness principle | 第41-42页 |
| ·Discourse markers adapting to psychological motivations | 第42-46页 |
| ·Discourse marker used as strategy to delay speech act | 第43-44页 |
| ·Adaptation to hedge-building | 第44-46页 |
| 5 Pragmatic functions of discourse markers in U.S.presidential debate | 第46-65页 |
| ·Discourse markers as indicators of meta-pragmatic awareness | 第46-48页 |
| ·Pragmatic forces of discourse markers | 第48-65页 |
| ·Constructing discourse | 第48-59页 |
| ·Conveying communicative attitude | 第59-60页 |
| ·Improving interpersonal relationship | 第60-65页 |
| 6 Conclusion | 第65-68页 |
| ·Major findings in the present study | 第65-66页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第66页 |
| ·Suggestions for further research | 第66-68页 |
| Bibliography | 第68-71页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第71-72页 |
| 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 | 第72-74页 |
