| 摘要 | 第1-9页 |
| Abstract | 第9-11页 |
| Tables | 第11-12页 |
| Figures | 第12-13页 |
| Formulas | 第13-14页 |
| Abbreviations | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第15-19页 |
| ·Research background | 第15-16页 |
| ·Objective of this study | 第16-17页 |
| ·Significance of this study | 第17-18页 |
| ·Structure of the thesis | 第18-19页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第19-36页 |
| ·Understanding of writing ability | 第19-21页 |
| ·Factors that affect writing scores | 第21-23页 |
| ·Writing rating methods | 第23-27页 |
| ·Holistic scoring method | 第24-25页 |
| ·Analytic scoring method | 第25-27页 |
| ·Primary trait scoring method | 第27页 |
| ·A brief review of previous studies | 第27-34页 |
| ·Theoretical background concerning the two scoring methods | 第28-31页 |
| ·Empirical studies on the reliability of two scoring methods | 第31-34页 |
| ·Summary of the different conclusions | 第34-36页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Methods and Design | 第36-46页 |
| ·Research questions | 第36-37页 |
| ·Research theory and tools | 第37-40页 |
| ·Research theory | 第37-40页 |
| ·Problems with the CTT | 第37页 |
| ·Strengths of GT | 第37-40页 |
| ·Statistical devices | 第40页 |
| ·Methodology | 第40-45页 |
| ·Testing participants and samples | 第40-41页 |
| ·Testing materials | 第41-42页 |
| ·Scoring participants and qualifications | 第42页 |
| ·Holistic and analytic scoring scales | 第42-43页 |
| ·Procedures | 第43-44页 |
| ·Questionnaire for raters | 第44-45页 |
| ·Summary | 第45-46页 |
| Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Results | 第46-65页 |
| ·Scoring time and costs comparison | 第46-47页 |
| ·Correlation with scores on other tests | 第47-49页 |
| ·Inter-rater consistency | 第49-50页 |
| ·Relationship between holistic and analytic scoring results | 第50-53页 |
| ·Wilcoxon signed-ranked test | 第51-52页 |
| ·Spearman rank correlation | 第52-53页 |
| ·Relationship between the results of two tasks | 第53-54页 |
| ·Further analysis with the application of GENOVA | 第54-62页 |
| ·G-study | 第54-56页 |
| ·D-study | 第56-62页 |
| ·Estimated reliability in varied testing context | 第56-60页 |
| ·The impact of rater numbers on E|^p~2 and Φ|^ coefficients | 第60-62页 |
| ·Results from questionnaire for raters | 第62-65页 |
| ·Background information | 第62页 |
| ·General perception of the two scoring methods | 第62-65页 |
| Chapter 5 Discussion and Implications | 第65-69页 |
| ·Discussion | 第65-66页 |
| ·Possible reasons behind the results | 第66-67页 |
| ·Implications | 第67-69页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第69-72页 |
| ·Summary of the research | 第69-70页 |
| ·Limitations | 第70-71页 |
| ·Further research | 第71-72页 |
| References | 第72-76页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第76-77页 |
| Appendix A 攻读学位期间所发表的学术论文目录 | 第77-78页 |
| Appendix B1 Formulas | 第78-79页 |
| Appendix B2 Entry Level Writing Characteristics (Holistic Scoring Scale | 第79-83页 |
| Appendix B3 Entry Level Writing Characteristics (Analytic Scoring Scale | 第83-86页 |
| Appendix B4 Questionnaires for raters | 第86-88页 |
| Appendix C 详细中文摘要 | 第88-90页 |
