| Chapter 1． Introduction | 第1-17页 |
| 1．1． Different Tendencies Towards Diction in English and Chinese: a General View | 第14-15页 |
| 1．2． A Brief Review of the Research Done in This Field and the Aim of the Present Thesis | 第15-16页 |
| 1．3． Arrangement of the Thesis | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter 2． Tendency Towards Abstract Diction in English | 第17-38页 |
| 2．1． The Rational Tradition That Advocates Analytic and Abstract Thinking | 第17-22页 |
| 2．2． Linguistic Properties for the Possibility of Abstract Diction in English | 第22-28页 |
| 2．2．1 The Simplification of Inflectional Morphology | 第22-24页 |
| 2．2．2 The Richness in Affixes in Derivational Morphology | 第24-26页 |
| 2．2．3 The Strict Syntactic Requirements | 第26-28页 |
| 2．3． Manifestations of Tendency Towards Abstract Diction in English | 第28-38页 |
| 2．3．1 Tendency Towards Nominalization | 第28-33页 |
| 2．3．1．1 The Features of Nouns | 第28-31页 |
| 2．3．1．2 Tendency Towards Nominalization | 第31-33页 |
| 2．3．2 Preference for Prepositions | 第33-35页 |
| 2．3．3 Use of ”Empty” Verbs | 第35-37页 |
| 2．3．4 Summary | 第37-38页 |
| Chapter 3． Tendency Towards Concrete Diction in Chinese | 第38-55页 |
| 3．1． The Concrete Mode of Thinking Typical of the Chinese Nationality | 第38-42页 |
| 3．2． The Linguistic Properties for the Possibility of Concrete Diction in Chinese | 第42-47页 |
| 3．2．1 The Insufficiency in Derivational Affixes | 第42-44页 |
| 3．2．2 The Inadequacy in Inflectional Affixes | 第44-45页 |
| 3．2．3 The Incompact Syntactic Structuralization | 第45-47页 |
| 3．3． Manifestations of Tendency Towards Concrete Diction in Chinese | 第47-55页 |
| 3．3．1 Tendency Towards the Frequent Use of Verbs and Adjectives | 第47-50页 |
| 3．3．2 Principle of Temporal Sequence | 第50-52页 |
| 3．3．3 Inclination Towards the Use of Vivid Expressions | 第52-54页 |
| 3．3．3．1 Static Metaphorization | 第53页 |
| 3．3．3．2 Dynamic Metaphorization | 第53-54页 |
| 3．3．4 Summary | 第54-55页 |
| Chapter 4． Abstract-to-Concrete Shift in E-C Translation | 第55-76页 |
| 4．1． The Grammatical Approach | 第55-66页 |
| 4．1．1 Translation of English Abstract Noun Phrases into Chinese Verb Phrases | 第56-63页 |
| 4．1．1．1 Use of Coordinating Verb Phrases | 第57-58页 |
| 4．1．1．2 Use of Modifier-Verb Phrases | 第58-59页 |
| 4．1．1．3 Use of Verb-Object Phrases | 第59-61页 |
| 4．1．1．4 Use of Verb-Complement Phrases | 第61-62页 |
| 4．1．1．5 Use of Subject-Predicate Phrases | 第62-63页 |
| 4．1．2 Translation of English 'Abstract Noun Phrases into Chinese Adjective Phrases | 第63-64页 |
| 4．1．3 Adoption of Categorical Words to Concretize Abstract Notions | 第64-66页 |
| 4．2． The Semantic Approach | 第66-74页 |
| 4．2．1 Narrowing Down the Semantic Scope with Concrete Words | 第66-70页 |
| 4．2．1．1 Addition Of Words | 第66-69页 |
| 4．2．1．2 Restriction Through the Use of a More Concrete Word | 第69-70页 |
| 4．2．2 Having Abstractness Embodied in the Translated Text as a whole | 第70-73页 |
| 4．2．3 Concretizing Abstract Notions by Means of Metaphor | 第73-74页 |
| 4．3． Summary | 第74-76页 |
| Chapter 5． Concrete-to-Abstract Shift in C-E Translation | 第76-94页 |
| 5．1． The Grammatical Approach | 第76-88页 |
| 5．1．1 Translation of Chinese Concrete Noun Phrases into English Abstract Noun Phrases | 第76-79页 |
| 5．1．2 Translation of Chinese Verb Phrases into English Abstract Noun Phrases | 第79-85页 |
| 5．1．2．1 Into English Abstract Noun Phrases As Subject/ Subject Complement | 第80-82页 |
| 5．1．2．2 Into English Abstract Noun Phrases as Object of Verbs or Prepositions | 第82-85页 |
| 5．1．2．2．1 As Object of Prepositions （in a ”Preposition + Abstract Noun”construction） | 第82-84页 |
| 5．1．2．2．2 As Object of Verbs （in a ”Verb + Abstract Noun” Construction） | 第84-85页 |
| 5．1．3 Translation of Chinese Adjective Phrases into English Abstract Noun Phrases | 第85-87页 |
| 5．1．4 Translation of Chinese Clauses into English Abstract Noun Phrases | 第87-88页 |
| 5．2． The Semantic Approach | 第88-92页 |
| 5．2．1 Shift from Dynamism to Stativity | 第89-90页 |
| 5．2．2 Direct Expression of the Implied Abstract Meaning | 第90页 |
| 5．2．3 Replacement of Images by Abstractions | 第90-91页 |
| 5．2．4 Realization of Analytic Exactness | 第91-92页 |
| 5．3． Summary | 第92-94页 |
| Chapter 6． Conclusion | 第94-97页 |
| Bibliography | 第97-102页 |
