| Abstract | 第3-4页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Contents | 第6-8页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ Introduction | 第8-13页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第8-9页 |
| 1.2 Methodologies and Objectives of the Study | 第9-10页 |
| 1.3 Significance of the Study | 第10-12页 |
| 1.4 Layout of the Thesis | 第12-13页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ Literature Review and Theoretical Framework | 第13-34页 |
| 2.1 Brief Introduction to Business Contracts | 第13-14页 |
| 2.2 Previous Studies on E-C Translation of Business Contracts in China | 第14-18页 |
| 2.3 Brief Introduction to Pragmatic Failures | 第18-21页 |
| 2.4 Previous Studies on Pragmatic Failures | 第21-27页 |
| 2.4.1 Researches on Pragmatic Failures At Home | 第21-25页 |
| 2.4.1.1 Foreign Language Teaching and Pragmatic Failures | 第22-23页 |
| 2.4.1.2 Cultural Differences and Pragmatic Failures | 第23页 |
| 2.4.1.3 Second Language Acquisition and Pragmatic Failures | 第23-24页 |
| 2.4.1.4 Cognitive Linguistics and Pragmatic Failures | 第24页 |
| 2.4.1.5 Adaptation Theory and Pragmatic Failures | 第24-25页 |
| 2.4.2 Researches on Pragmatic Failures Abroad | 第25-27页 |
| 2.5 Brief Introduction to Adaptation Theory | 第27-34页 |
| 2.5.1 Three Properties of Language | 第28-29页 |
| 2.5.2 Four Angles of Linguistic Adaptation | 第29-31页 |
| 2.5.3 Translation as a Choice-Making Process | 第31-34页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ Causes of Pragmatic Failures in E-C Translation of Business Contracts | 第34-55页 |
| 3.1 Translator-Related Causes | 第34-50页 |
| 3.1.1 Failing to Adapt to the Language Features and Structures of Contracts | 第34-38页 |
| 3.1.2 Failing to Adapt to the Pragmatic Features of Modal Verbs | 第38-41页 |
| 3.1.3 Failing to Adapt to the Specific Communicative Contexts | 第41-49页 |
| 3.1.3.1 Failing to Adapt to the Language Users | 第41-42页 |
| 3.1.3.2 Failing to Adapt to the Mental World of the Trading Parties | 第42-45页 |
| 3.1.3.3 Failing to Adapt to the Social World | 第45-48页 |
| 3.1.3.4 Failing to Adapt to the Physical World | 第48-49页 |
| 3.1.4 Failing to Adapt to the Industry Standard | 第49-50页 |
| 3.2 Company and Authority-Related Causes | 第50-55页 |
| 3.2.1 Company Related Causes | 第51-52页 |
| 3.2.2 Authority Related Causes | 第52-55页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ Remedial Countermeasures to Reduce the Pragmatic Failures | 第55-61页 |
| 4.1 Countermeasures Taken by Translators | 第55-58页 |
| 4.1.1 Developing Bilingual Competence,Especially for Legal Language | 第55-56页 |
| 4.1.2 Developing Pragmatic Competence | 第56-57页 |
| 4.1.3 Making Dynamic Adaptation to the Communicative Context | 第57-58页 |
| 4.1.4 Developing a Strong Sense of Responsibility | 第58页 |
| 4.2 Countermeasures Taken by Companies and Authorities | 第58-61页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ Conclusion | 第61-64页 |
| References | 第64-67页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第67页 |
