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ALICE ITS单片式有源像素传感器的低噪声前端电子学的研究与实现

摘要第5-7页
Abstract第7-9页
1 Introduction第19-27页
    1.1 ALICE experiment第19-20页
    1.2 ALICE detector system第20-23页
    1.3 Present ITS performance and limitation第23-24页
    1.4 ITS upgrade concept第24-27页
2 Monolithic active pixel sensor for the ALICE ITS upgrade第27-32页
    2.1 Detection principle of MAPS第27-29页
    2.2 Advantages of MAPS第29-30页
    2.3 Technology choice第30-32页
3 Sensor structures, conventional SF and novel SDF front-end electronics inINVESTIGATOR第32-62页
    3.1 Design motivation第32-35页
    3.2 Overall structure and sensor structures第35-38页
    3.3 Design and analysis of the SF and SDF front-end circuits第38-49页
        3.3.1 The conventional source follower第41-43页
        3.3.2 The novel source-drain follower第43-49页
    3.4 Pixel layout第49-51页
    3.5 Characterization of sensor structures and front-end circuits第51-60页
        3.5.1 Readout circuit gain measurements第53-54页
        3.5.2 Characterization relating to the substrate back bias voltage第54-56页
        3.5.3 Characterization relating to the spacing第56-57页
        3.5.4 Characterization relating to the reset types第57-58页
        3.5.5 Characterization with and without shielding the input routing metal第58-59页
        3.5.6 Characterization comparison between the conventional source follower and the novel source-drain follower第59-60页
    3.6 Summary第60-62页
4 Closed-loop front-end electronics in pA_LP第62-79页
    4.1 pA_LP detector overview第62-65页
    4.2 Analysis and design of the closed-loop front-end circuit第65-72页
        4.2.1 Closed-loop front-end circuit第65-67页
        4.2.2 Transfer function第67-69页
        4.2.3 Peaking time第69页
        4.2.4 Noise第69-72页
    4.3 Periphery and bias circuits第72-76页
        4.3.1 Output cascode circuit第72-73页
        4.3.2 Current comparator第73-74页
        4.3.3 Bias circuits for pixels第74-75页
        4.3.4 Bias circuits for periphery第75-76页
    4.4 Simulation results第76-77页
    4.5 Pixel layout第77-78页
    4.6 Summary第78-79页
5 Open-loop front-end electronics in ALPIDE第79-127页
    5.1 Operation principle第80-83页
    5.2 pALPIDE-2 test results第83-84页
        5.2.1 Lab test第83-84页
        5.2.2 Beam test第84页
    5.3 Analysis and optimization of open-loop front-end circuits第84-120页
        5.3.1 Present open-loop front-end circuit第84-94页
            5.3.1.1 Cascode amplifier第85-88页
            5.3.1.2 Threshold bias circuit第88页
            5.3.1.3 Second-stage current comparator第88页
            5.3.1.4 Clipping circuit第88-89页
            5.3.1.5 Diode reset and PMOS reset第89页
            5.3.1.6 Area consideration第89-92页
            5.3.1.7 Testability consideration第92-93页
            5.3.1.8 Noise第93-94页
        5.3.2 SDF open-loop front-end circuit第94-99页
        5.3.3 Shape open-loop front-end circuit第99-100页
        5.3.4 Comparisons from post-layout simulations第100-104页
        5.3.5 Optimization of the present front-end circuit第104-118页
            5.3.5.1 The system charge threshold dispersion optimization based on the transistor mismatch第105-110页
            5.3.5.2 The system charge threshold dispersion optimization based on the gain of the system and the equivalent input capacitance第110-114页
            5.3.5.3 The system charge threshold dispersion optimization based on the parasitic capacitance mismatch第114-115页
            5.3.5.4 Pulse duration optimization第115-117页
            5.3.5.5 Layout第117页
            5.3.5.6 Post-layout simulation results第117-118页
        5.3.6 Challenges in simulations第118-120页
    5.4 pALPIDE-3 detector overview第120-125页
    5.5 Summary第125-127页
6 Conclusions and outlook第127-129页
References第129-136页
List of publications and activities第136-137页
Acknowledgements第137页

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