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口语测试评分研究

中文摘要第4-5页
ABSTRACT第5页
TABLE OF CONTENTS第6-8页
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION第8-12页
    1.1 Speaking tests in the new century第8-9页
    1.2 Brief idea of marking in speaking tests第9-10页
    1.3 The purpose of the dissertation第10-11页
    1.4 Overview of the dissertation第11-12页
CHAPTER 2 THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND第12-29页
    2.1 Three phases of language testing第12-13页
    2.2 Usefulness of language testing第13-14页
    2.3 Qualities of language tests第14-20页
        2.3.1 Reliability第14-15页
        2.3.2 Constru ctvalidity第15-17页
        2.3.3 Authenticity第17-18页
        2.3.4 Interactiveness第18页
        2.3.5 Impact第18-19页
        2.3.6 Practicality第19-20页
    2.4 Speaking tests第20-27页
        2.4.1 The necessity of speaking tests第20-21页
        2.4.2 Types of speaking tests第21-24页
        2.4.3 Advantages of speaking tests第24-26页
        2.4.4 Difficulties in speaking tests第26-27页
    2.5 Summary第27-29页
CHAPTER 3 SCORING第29-44页
    3.1 General considerations第29-33页
        3.1.1 Two general approaches to scoring第29-30页
        3.1.2 Objective scoring第30-32页
        3.1.3 Subjective scoring第32-33页
    3.2 Specifications of scoring method第33-38页
        3.2.1 Selected responses第34页
        3.2.2 Limited production response第34-35页
        3.2.3 Extended production response第35-38页
    3.3 Marking in speaking tests第38-42页
        3.3.1 Marking in indirect speaking tests第38-39页
        3.3.2 Marking in direct speaking tests第39-41页
        3.3.3 Marking in semi-direct speaking tests第41-42页
        3.3.4 Marking methods in speaking tests第42页
    3.4 Summary第42-44页
CHAPTER 4 ANEWMARKING METHOD IN SPEAKING TESTS第44-54页
    4.1 Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation第44-46页
        4.1.1 Fuzzy set theory第44-45页
        4.1.2 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation第45-46页
    4.2 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for marking in speaking tests第46-52页
        4.2.1 Multilayer comprehensive evaluation index system第46-51页
        4.2.2 Determining the weighting coefficients第51页
        4.2.3 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on students'oral performance第51-52页
    4.3 Summary第52-54页
CHAPTER 5 THESTUDY第54-65页
    5.1 The purpose of the study第54页
    5.2 Methods第54-57页
        5.2.1 Participant selection第54-55页
        5.2.2 Materials第55页
        5.2.3 Procedures第55-57页
    5.3 Results and discussion第57-65页
        5.3.1 Results第57-61页
        5.3.2 Discussion第61-65页
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION第65-67页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第67-68页
REFERENCES第68-71页
APPENDICES第71-77页

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