| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第5-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-13页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第13-15页 |
| CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第15-23页 |
| 1.1 Research background | 第15-21页 |
| 1.2 Research questions | 第21页 |
| 1.3 Significance of the research | 第21-23页 |
| CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW | 第23-41页 |
| 2.1 Overview of the CEFR | 第23-35页 |
| 2.1.1 The development of the CEFR | 第23-26页 |
| 2.1.2 The key content of the CEFR | 第26-31页 |
| 2.1.2.1 The key content of the CEFR levels | 第26-29页 |
| 2.1.2.2 The key content of the CEFR descriptors | 第29-31页 |
| 2.1.3 The conclusion of the CEFR | 第31-32页 |
| 2.1.4 Literature about the CEFR linking projects | 第32-35页 |
| 2.2 Overview of aligning the CEFR to tests with Rasch model | 第35-41页 |
| 2.2.1 The introduction of Rasch model | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.2 Literature about aligning the CEFR to tests with Rasch model | 第37-40页 |
| 2.2.3 The conclusion of Rasch model | 第40-41页 |
| CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN | 第41-50页 |
| 3.1 Participants | 第41-42页 |
| 3.2 Materials | 第42-45页 |
| 3.3 Methodology of the aligning project | 第45-50页 |
| 3.3.1 Making the initial alignment | 第45-46页 |
| 3.3.2 Choosing the levels | 第46页 |
| 3.3.3 Designing the questionnaires | 第46页 |
| 3.3.4 Holding familiarization training conferences | 第46-47页 |
| 3.3.5 Empirical validation | 第47-48页 |
| 3.3.6 Methods for data analysis | 第48-50页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS | 第50-77页 |
| 4.1 Initial alignment result | 第50-51页 |
| 4.2 Familiarization training conferences and data collection | 第51-52页 |
| 4.3 Quantitative results and analysis | 第52-65页 |
| 4.3.1 Result of anchor items’ item difficulties of all the data | 第52-54页 |
| 4.3.2 Results of four questionnaires’ item difficulties after equating | 第54-59页 |
| 4.3.3 Result and analysis of 152 descriptors’ item difficulties | 第59-65页 |
| 4.3.4 Overall quantitative results | 第65页 |
| 4.4 Qualitative results and analysis | 第65-76页 |
| 4.4.1 Ambiguous items about listening competence | 第66-68页 |
| 4.4.2 Ambiguous items about speaking competence | 第68-72页 |
| 4.4.3 Ambiguous items about reading competence | 第72-74页 |
| 4.4.4 Ambiguous items about writing competence | 第74-76页 |
| 4.4.5 Overall qualitative results | 第76页 |
| 4.5 Overall results | 第76-77页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION | 第77-84页 |
| 5.1 Discussion on Research Question One | 第77-80页 |
| 5.2 Discussion on Research Question Two | 第80-84页 |
| CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS | 第84-89页 |
| 6.1 Summary of major findings | 第84页 |
| 6.2 Limitations of the study | 第84-86页 |
| 6.3 Suggestions | 第86-87页 |
| 6.3.1 Suggestions for future research | 第86页 |
| 6.3.2 Suggestions for pedagogy and assessment | 第86-87页 |
| 6.3.3 Suggestions for application of this study and the CEFR | 第87页 |
| 6.4 Conclusions | 第87-89页 |
| REFERENCES | 第89-95页 |
| APPENDICES | 第95-104页 |
| Appendix A Sample Data Collection Questionnaire for the Teachers | 第95-100页 |
| Appendix B Sample Data Collection Questionnaire for the Students | 第100-104页 |
