| 摘要 | 第1-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-15页 |
| Appendix 1 List of symbols and abbreviations | 第15-17页 |
| Chapter 1 Objectives and Scope of the Study | 第17-21页 |
| ·Background | 第17-20页 |
| ·Objectives of the study | 第20-21页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature review | 第21-40页 |
| ·Introduction | 第21-24页 |
| ·The formation of aerobic granules | 第24-30页 |
| ·Mechanisms of the formation of aerobic granules | 第24-25页 |
| ·The influence of operational factors on aerobic granulation | 第25-30页 |
| ·Characteristics of aerobic granules | 第30-34页 |
| ·The structure features of mature aerobic granules | 第31页 |
| ·Settleability | 第31-32页 |
| ·Density and strength | 第32页 |
| ·Cell surface hydrophobicity | 第32-33页 |
| ·Specific oxygen utilization rate | 第33页 |
| ·Microbial structure and diversity | 第33-34页 |
| ·Porosity | 第34页 |
| ·Nitrogen removal in granular SBR | 第34-38页 |
| ·Total nitrogen removal in granular SBR | 第34-36页 |
| ·AO mode | 第35页 |
| ·OA mode | 第35-36页 |
| ·SND | 第36页 |
| ·AO or AOA mode using denitrifying phosphorous accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) | 第36页 |
| ·Ammonia removal in granular SBR | 第36-38页 |
| ·Current state and directions of research | 第38-40页 |
| Chapter 3 Operational Strategies for nitrogen removal in granular SBR | 第40-59页 |
| ·Introduction | 第40-41页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第41-43页 |
| ·Reactor set-up and operation | 第41-42页 |
| ·Reactor operation description | 第42-43页 |
| ·Analytical methods | 第43页 |
| ·Results | 第43-54页 |
| ·Reactor performances under AO (non-aeration+aeration) mode without DO control | 第45-47页 |
| ·Reactor performance under AO mode with DO of 2mg/l | 第47-51页 |
| ·Reactor performance under alternating anoxic/oxic mode combined with step-feeding | 第51-54页 |
| ·Discussion | 第54-57页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第57-59页 |
| Chapter 4 Application of Alternating Anoxic/Oxic Conditions Combined with Step-feeding mode for nitrogen removal | 第59-72页 |
| ·Introduction | 第59页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第59-61页 |
| ·Reactor set-up and operation | 第59-60页 |
| ·Reactor operation description | 第60-61页 |
| ·Analytical methods | 第61页 |
| ·Results | 第61-68页 |
| ·Formation of microbial granules | 第61-66页 |
| ·Nitrogen removal behaviors of microbial granules from low strength wastewater57 | 第66页 |
| ·Long term performance | 第66-68页 |
| ·Discussion | 第68-70页 |
| 1. Nitrogen removal from wastewater with low carbon source | 第68-69页 |
| 2. Long-term stability of the system | 第69-70页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第70-72页 |
| Chapter 5 The Cultivation of Nitrifying Granules in Granular SBR | 第72-98页 |
| ·Introduction | 第72页 |
| ·Material and Methods | 第72-76页 |
| ·Experiment Set up and Operation | 第72-73页 |
| ·Media | 第73页 |
| ·Analytical Methods | 第73-74页 |
| ·Microbial Population Analysis | 第74-75页 |
| ·Characteristics of Seeded Sludge | 第75-76页 |
| ·Results | 第76-93页 |
| ·Performance of Nitrifying Granules in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) | 第76-86页 |
| ·Morphology of nitrifying granules in the operation | 第76-78页 |
| ·Wastewater Treatment Performance | 第78-79页 |
| ·Settleability of Nitrifying Granules | 第79-80页 |
| ·Size Change of Nitrifying Granules | 第80-84页 |
| ·Biomass Concentration | 第84-86页 |
| ·Cycle Analysis of Nitrifying Granules in the Stable State | 第86-90页 |
| ·Nitrogen Removal Performance of Nitrifying Granules in one cycle | 第86-87页 |
| ·pH Changing Trend of Nitrifying Granules in One Cycle | 第87-88页 |
| ·FA Changing Trend of Nitrifying Granules in One Cycle | 第88-90页 |
| ·SEM Images of Nitrifying Granules in N1 and N2 | 第90-92页 |
| ·Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis | 第92-93页 |
| ·Discussion | 第93-97页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第97-98页 |
| Chapter 6 Loading Pressure Experiments of the Nitrifying Granules | 第98-119页 |
| ·Introduction | 第98页 |
| ·Experiment Set up and Operation | 第98页 |
| ·Results | 第98-114页 |
| ·Performance of the Nitrifying Granules in N1 and N2 | 第98-108页 |
| ·Morphology of the nitrifying granules in operation | 第100-102页 |
| ·Wastewater Treatment Performance | 第102-104页 |
| ·Settleability of the Nitrifying Granules | 第104-106页 |
| ·Size Changing Trend of the Nitrifying Granules | 第106页 |
| ·Biomass Concentration | 第106-108页 |
| ·Cycle Analysis of the Stable Nitrifying Granules | 第108-112页 |
| ·Nitrogen Removal Performance of the Nitrifying Granules in one cycle | 第108-109页 |
| ·pH Changing Trend of the Nitrifying Granules in one Cycle | 第109-111页 |
| ·FA and FNA Changing Trend of Nitrifying Granules in One Cycle | 第111-112页 |
| ·Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis | 第112-114页 |
| ·Discussion | 第114-118页 |
| 1. Physical stability of the nitrifying granules | 第114-117页 |
| 2. Partial nitrification | 第117-118页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第118-119页 |
| Chapter 7 Conlusions and Prospects | 第119-123页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第119-120页 |
| ·Main innovations in this study | 第120-121页 |
| ·Prospect | 第121-123页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第123-125页 |
| Reference | 第125-136页 |
| List of Publications | 第136页 |
