| Acknowledgements | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-9页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第9-11页 |
| 1.1 Research background | 第9页 |
| 1.2 Aims and significance of the study | 第9-10页 |
| 1.3 Structures of the thesis | 第10-11页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第11-18页 |
| 2.1 Definition of Backwash Effect | 第11页 |
| 2.2 Mechanism of Backwash Effect | 第11-14页 |
| 2.3 Literature review | 第14-18页 |
| 2.3.1 Backwash Effect study abroad | 第14-15页 |
| 2.3.2 Backwash Effect study in China | 第15-18页 |
| Chapter Three Research Methodology | 第18-21页 |
| 3.1 Research questions | 第18页 |
| 3.2 Participants | 第18页 |
| 3.3 Research Methods | 第18-20页 |
| 3.3.1 Document analysis | 第18-19页 |
| 3.3.2 Questionnaire survey | 第19-20页 |
| 3.4 Data collection and analysis | 第20-21页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussion | 第21-42页 |
| 4.1 The differences between NMET and HMET | 第21-33页 |
| 4.1.1 The differences between the listening part of the two tests | 第22-25页 |
| 4.1.2 The differences between the reading part of the two tests | 第25-27页 |
| 4.1.3 The differences between the writing part of the two tests | 第27-29页 |
| 4.1.4 The differences between the language using part of the two tests | 第29-33页 |
| 4.2 The NMET and the NECS | 第33-42页 |
| 4.2.1 The comprehensive abilities of the language skills | 第33-34页 |
| 4.2.2 The comprehensive abilities of the learning strategies | 第34-35页 |
| 4.2.3 The comprehensive abilities of the affect | 第35-37页 |
| 4.2.4 The comprehensive abilities of the cultural awareness | 第37-39页 |
| 4.2.5 The comprehensive abilities of the language | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第42-46页 |
| 5.1 Major findings | 第42-43页 |
| 5.2 Implications | 第43-44页 |
| 5.3 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further study | 第44-46页 |
| References | 第46-49页 |
| Appendixes | 第49-77页 |
| 攻读硕士学位期间科研成果 | 第77页 |
