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Study of Exoinulinase Production, Purification, Characterization, Gene Cloning and Sequencing by Penicillium Notatum Isolated from Soil

DEDICATION第4-5页
DECLARATION第5-6页
Certification第6-7页
Acknowledgments第7-9页
Arabic abstract第9-13页
English Abstract第13页
摘要第16-25页
List of Tables第25-26页
List of Figures第26-28页
Abbreviations第28-30页
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE REVIEW第30-63页
    1.1 Enzymes第30-38页
        1.1.1 Sources of enzymes第30-33页
            1.1.1.1 Animal enzymes第31页
            1.1.1.2 Plant enzymes第31页
            1.1.1.3 Bacterial enzymes第31-32页
            1.1.1.4 Fungal enzymes第32页
            1.1.1.5 Yeast enzymes第32-33页
        1.1.2 Isolation of microorganisms and classification of enzymes第33-34页
        1.1.3 Inulinase history第34-35页
        1.1.4 Inulinases第35-38页
            1.1.4.1 Exo-inulinases第36页
            1.1.4.2 Endo-inulinases第36-37页
            1.1.4.3 In vitro Hydrolysis of inulin第37-38页
                1.1.4.3.1 Yeast and Mold Enzymes第37页
                1.1.4.3.2 Ascomycetes第37-38页
    1.2 Inulin第38-41页
        1.2.1 Historical Outline第38页
        1.2.2 Chemical Structure第38-39页
        1.2.3 Natural Occurrence第39-41页
    LITERATURE REVIEW第41-62页
        1.3 Penicillium inulinases第41-43页
        1.4 Aspergillus inulinases第43-47页
        1.5 Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinases第47-54页
        1.6 Bacillus inulinases第54-55页
        1.7 Xanthomonas inulinases第55-56页
        1.8 Staphylococcus inulinases第56-57页
        1.9 Arthrobacter sp. Inulinases第57页
        1.10 Pseudomonas sp. Inulinases第57-59页
        1.11 Candida sp. Inulinases第59-60页
        1.12 Other Microorganisms Inulinases第60-62页
    AIMS OF THE PRESENT STUDY第62-63页
2 Exoinulinase Microorganisms Isolation第63-74页
    2.1 Introduction第63-64页
    2.2 Materials and Methods第64-67页
        2.2.1 Isolation of Microorganism with Exoinulinase Production第64页
            2.2.1.1 Samples collection第64页
            2.2.1.2 Enriched natural sources第64页
            2.2.1.3 Enrichment cultures for bacteria第64页
        2.2.2 Enzyme assay第64-65页
            2.2.2.1 Determination of reducing sugar第65页
                2.2.2.1.1 Equipment第65页
                2.2.2.1.2 Reagents第65页
                2.2.2.1.3 Procedures第65页
        2.2.3 Culture medium for isolation第65-66页
        2.2.4 Isolation of fungi第66-67页
            2.2.4.1 Soil dilution第66-67页
            2.2.4.2 Soil plating第67页
            2.2.4.3 Hyphal extraction第67页
            2.2.4.4 Selective media第67页
        2.2.5 Comparison between the superior strains第67页
    2.3 Results and Discussion第67-74页
        2.3.1 Isolation of bacteria第68页
        2.3.2 Isolation of fungi, streptomycetes and yeast第68-71页
            2.3.2.1 Comparison between the superior strains第68-71页
                2.3.2.1.1 Effect of temperature on enzyme production第68-69页
                2.3.2.1.2 Effect of time on enzyme production第69页
                2.3.2.1.3 Effect of pH on enzyme production第69-70页
                2.3.2.1.4 Effect of optimum pH and time on enzyme production第70-71页
            2.3.2.2 Effect of temperature on enzyme activity for three strains第71页
        2.3.3 Strain identification第71-74页
3 Optimization of Culture Medium for Exoinulinase production by Penicilllum notatum第74-87页
    3.1 Introduction第74页
    3.2 Materials and Methods第74-77页
        3.2.1 Preparation of inoculum第74-75页
        3.2.2 Effect of different carbon sources on enzyme production第75页
        3.2.3 Effect of different nitrogen sources on enzyme production第75页
        3.2.4 Effect of pH on enzyme production第75页
        3.2.5 Effects of media titer and shaking speed on enzyme production第75-76页
        3.2.6 Experimental design第76-77页
            3.2.6.1 Half Fractional Factorial Design (HFFD)第76-77页
    3.3 Results and discussion第77-87页
        3.3.1 Effects of different carbon sources on enzyme production第77-78页
        3.3.2 Effect of different nitrogen sources on enzyme production第78页
        3.3.3 Effect of pH on enzyme production第78-80页
        3.3.4 Effect of media titer and shaking speed on enzyme production第80-81页
        3.3.5 Half Fractional Factorial Design (HFFD)第81-87页
            3.3.5.1 Analysis of Variance Procedure第82-87页
4 Improvement of Penicillium notatum exoinulinase production by mutation using UV Irradiation With Diethyl Sulfate第87-99页
    4.1 Introduction第87-88页
    4.2 Material and Methods第88-91页
        4.2.1 Organism第88页
        4.2.2 Procedure第88-90页
            4.2.2.1 Mycelia cultivation第89页
            4.2.2.2 Effect of different nitrogen sources on enzyme production第89-90页
            4.2.2.3 Effects of JA and inoculation concentrations on enzyme production第90页
            4.2.2.4 Effect of time on enzyme production第90页
        4.2.3 Experimental design第90-91页
        4.2.4 Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity第91页
    4.3 Resulta and Discussion第91-99页
        4.3.1 Screening and analysis of HFFD experiment第93-95页
        4.3.2 Central eomposite design and analysis第95-97页
        4.3.3 pH and Temperature第97-99页
5 Exoinulinase Enzyme Purification and Characterization for Wild Type and Mutated Strains第99-107页
    5.1 Introduction第99-100页
    5.2 Materials and Methods第100-103页
        5.2.1 Precipitation with Ammonium Sulfate第100-101页
            5.2.1.1 List of Reagents and Instruments第100页
                5.2.1.1.1 Equipment and glass wares第100页
                5.2.1.1.2 Reagents第100页
            5.2.1.2 Procedures第100-101页
        5.2.2 Chromatography第101-102页
            5.2.2.1 Ion exchange chromatography第101页
            5.2.2.2 Size exclusion chromatography第101-102页
        5.2.3 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Linear Slab Gel)第102-103页
            5.2.3.1 Equipment第102页
            5.2.3.2 Pouring a gel (Reagents)第102页
            5.2.3.3 Electrophoresis buffer第102页
            5.2.3.4 5x Sample buffer, 10ml第102页
            5.2.3.5 Procedure第102页
            5.2.3.6 High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE)第102-103页
            5.2.3.7 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)第103页
    5.3 Results and Discussion第103-107页
        5.3.1 Ammonium precipitation第103页
        5.3.2 Ion exchange chromatography第103页
        5.3.3 Size exclnsion chromatography第103-104页
        5.3.4 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Linear Slab Gel)第104-105页
        5.3.5 High performance liquid chromatography第105-107页
6 Exoinulinase Gene Identification, Isolation, Cloning and sequencing analysis from P. notatum MH1第107-121页
    6.1 General Introduction第107页
    6.2 Materials and Methods第107-114页
        6.2.1 Isolation of Penicillium notatum (MH1) DNA第107-108页
        6.2.2 Isolation of Total RNA from Penicillium notatum (MH1)第108-109页
        6.2.3 cDNA Synthesis (Reverse transcriptase [RT])第109页
        6.2.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)第109-111页
        6.2.5 Electrophoresis第111页
            6.2.5.1 Gel loading buffer第111页
        6.2.6 DNA Purification第111-112页
        6.2.7 Ligation using pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega)第112页
        6.2.8 Transformation第112-114页
            6.2.8.1 Preparation of competent E. coli (TG1) using CaCl2第112-113页
            6.2.8.2 Transformation第113-114页
                6.2.8.2.1 Isolation of recombinant plasmids from E. coli第113-114页
    6.3 Results and Discussion第114-121页
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS第121-123页
References cited:第123-138页
Curriculum Vitae第138-145页

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