| Acknowledgements | 第1-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-12页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| ·Significance and purpose of the present study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Scope of the study | 第13页 |
| ·Methodology and data description | 第13-14页 |
| ·Organization of the thesis | 第14-16页 |
| 2. Literature Review | 第16-20页 |
| ·Definition of complaints | 第16页 |
| ·Preconditions for complaints | 第16-17页 |
| ·Classification of complaints | 第17-19页 |
| ·Comparative studies on complaints in different languages | 第19-20页 |
| 3. Theoretical Framework | 第20-27页 |
| ·Speech act theory | 第20-22页 |
| ·Face threatening theory | 第22-23页 |
| ·Principle of goal direction | 第23-24页 |
| ·Theoretical basis of principle of goal direction | 第23页 |
| ·Proposition of principle of goal direction | 第23-24页 |
| ·Discourse analysis model of principle of goal direction | 第24-27页 |
| ·Goal relations | 第25页 |
| ·Goal interactions | 第25-26页 |
| ·The relationship between goal relations and goal interactions | 第26页 |
| ·Analysis of goal system | 第26-27页 |
| 4. Working mechanism of complaints in Friends | 第27-55页 |
| ·Socio-cultural variables influencing complaints in interactions | 第27-29页 |
| ·Social power | 第27页 |
| ·Social distance | 第27-28页 |
| ·Contract | 第28页 |
| ·Speaker's expectations | 第28页 |
| ·Gender difference | 第28页 |
| ·National culture | 第28-29页 |
| ·Complaint strategies | 第29-37页 |
| ·Complaint-response strategies | 第37-42页 |
| ·Goal-directed complaint interactions in Friends | 第42-50页 |
| ·Complaint interaction with convergent goals | 第43-46页 |
| ·Complaint interaction with conflicting goals | 第46-50页 |
| ·Complaint interaction with neutral goals | 第50页 |
| ·Strategies of weakening the power of complaints | 第50-55页 |
| ·The use of vague language | 第50-51页 |
| ·The use of special sentence patterns | 第51-52页 |
| ·The use of pre-narration | 第52页 |
| ·The use of person deixis | 第52-53页 |
| ·The use of vocatives | 第53页 |
| ·The use of praise before complaint | 第53-55页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第55-58页 |
| ·Major findings | 第55-56页 |
| ·Limitations | 第56-57页 |
| ·Suggestions for further studies | 第57-58页 |
| Bibliography | 第58-60页 |
