| Declaration | 第1-4页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Contents | 第7-10页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第10-11页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第11-18页 |
| ·Rationale of the study | 第11-14页 |
| ·The importance of PI concerning DMs in spoken discourse | 第11-12页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure among Chinese learners of English | 第12-13页 |
| ·Necessity of incorporation of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第13-14页 |
| ·Theme and research methods of the thesis | 第14页 |
| ·Research standpoint of the thesis | 第14-16页 |
| ·Structure of the thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter Two PI concerning DMs and LDs | 第18-30页 |
| ·Brief introduction to DMs and previous research on DMs | 第18-21页 |
| ·Brief introduction to DMs | 第18-19页 |
| ·Previous research on DMs | 第19-21页 |
| ·The concern over DMs of the present thesis | 第21-25页 |
| ·Relevance Theory | 第21-22页 |
| ·The concern over DMs of the present thesis | 第22-25页 |
| ·Properties and categories of DMs | 第22-24页 |
| ·The concern over DMs of the present thesis | 第24-25页 |
| ·The importance of PI in LDs | 第25-30页 |
| ·What are pragmatics and PI? | 第25-26页 |
| ·The importance of incorporation of PI in LDs | 第26-30页 |
| Chapter Three Contrastive Analysis of Incorporation of PI concerning DMs in ELDs and ECLDs | 第30-65页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs and LDs | 第30-31页 |
| ·Contrastive analysis of PI concerning DMs in ELDs and ECLDs | 第31-65页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in ELDs—Big 5 | 第32-46页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in Macmillan | 第32-35页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in Oxford 6 | 第35-36页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in Longman 4 | 第36-38页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in Cambridge | 第38-40页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in Collins 3 | 第40-42页 |
| ·Summary of inclusion of PI concerning DMs in ELDs—Big 5 | 第42-46页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第46-65页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in NCMFECD《新世纪英汉多功能词典》 | 第46-48页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in NAECD1《新时代英汉大词典》 | 第48-50页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in NAECD2《新知识英汉辞典》 | 第50-51页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in MFECD《英汉多功能词典》 | 第51-52页 |
| ·PI concerning DMs in MFDCETL《多功能大学英语教学词典》 | 第52-53页 |
| ·Summary of inclusion of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第53-65页 |
| Chapter Four Experimental Study of PF at Using DMs among Chinese Learners of English | 第65-76页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure | 第65-68页 |
| ·Definition of Pragmatic Failure | 第65-67页 |
| ·Demarcation of Pragmatic Failure | 第67-68页 |
| ·DMs and Pragmalinguistic Failure | 第68-69页 |
| ·Experimental study | 第69-76页 |
| ·Purpose,method and steps of the study | 第69-70页 |
| ·Results of the experimental study | 第70-72页 |
| ·Analysis of the experimental study | 第72-74页 |
| ·Summary of the experimental study | 第74-76页 |
| Chapter Five Tentative Propositions for Presenting PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第76-99页 |
| ·The results of the contrastive analysis and the experimental study | 第76-78页 |
| ·The contrastive analysis results between ELDs and ECLDs | 第76-77页 |
| ·The experimental study results | 第77-78页 |
| ·The necessity of inclusion of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第78页 |
| ·Proposed Criteria for inclusion of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第78-93页 |
| ·General criteria for inclusion of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第79-83页 |
| ·Elaborate criteria at the macrostructural level | 第83-85页 |
| ·Elaborate criteria at the microstructural level | 第85-93页 |
| ·A model for presentation of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第93-95页 |
| ·Tentative samples for presentation of PI concerning DMs in ECLDs | 第95-99页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusions | 第99-103页 |
| ·Retrospect of the present study | 第99-100页 |
| ·Major findings of the present study | 第100页 |
| ·Innovations and limitations of the present study | 第100-102页 |
| ·Innovations of the study | 第100-101页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第101-102页 |
| ·Implications and suggestions for further research | 第102-103页 |
| References | 第103-109页 |
| Bibliography | 第103-108页 |
| Dictionaries cited | 第108-109页 |
| Appendixes | 第109-110页 |
| Appendix A Test Paper | 第109-110页 |
| Appendix B Questionnaire | 第110页 |
