| ABSTRACT | 第6-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第9-14页 |
| CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE | 第14-25页 |
| 1.1 Background of the study | 第14页 |
| 1.2 Plant growth regulator uniconazole and its mode of action | 第14-16页 |
| 1.2.1 Effect of uniconazole on gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis | 第15页 |
| 1.2.2 Effect of uniconazole on ABA biosynthesis | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2.3 Effect of uniconazole on CK biosynthesis | 第16页 |
| 1.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on enhancing lodging resistance | 第16-18页 |
| 1.3.1 Causes and yield losses due to lodging stress | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3.2 Role of lignin metabolism in lodging resistance of crops | 第17页 |
| 1.3.3 Role of plant growth regulators on improving lodging resistance | 第17-18页 |
| 1.4 Effects of plant growth regulators on photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense system, and leaf senescence | 第18-21页 |
| 1.4.1 Effect of leaf senescence on photosynthetic pigments | 第18-19页 |
| 1.4.2 Role of antioxidant enzymes activities in inhibition of reactive oxygen species accumulations | 第19页 |
| 1.4.3 Effect of plant growth regulators on antioxidant defense system and leaf senescence | 第19-21页 |
| 1.5 Effects of plant growth regulators on grain filling and endogenous hormones contents | 第21-24页 |
| 1.5.1 Role of CKs in grain filling process | 第21-22页 |
| 1.5.2 Role of ABA and GA in grain filling process | 第22-23页 |
| 1.5.3 Effects of plant growth regulators on endogenous hormones contents | 第23-24页 |
| 1.6 Objectives of the research | 第24-25页 |
| CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第25-32页 |
| 2.1 Experimental location | 第25页 |
| 2.2 Field experiment, materials, and design | 第25-26页 |
| 2.3 Sampling and measurements | 第26-31页 |
| 2.3.1 Internode diameter (mm) and internode plumpness (g cm–1) | 第26页 |
| 2.3.2 Plant height (cm) and ear height (cm) | 第26页 |
| 2.3.3 Rind penetration strength (N mm–2) | 第26页 |
| 2.3.4 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes | 第26-28页 |
| 2.3.5 Lodging behavior | 第28页 |
| 2.3.6 Plant sampling for chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA content, anti-oxidant enzymes activities and ROS | 第28页 |
| 2.3.7 Preparation of enzyme extracts | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.8 ROS | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3.9 Green leaf areas in the middle, bottom, and top layers | 第30页 |
| 2.3.10 above dry matter accumulation (g plant–1) | 第30页 |
| 2.3.11 Sampling and measurements for grain filling and endogenous hormones contents | 第30-31页 |
| 2.3.12 Ear characteristics and grain yield (t ha–1) | 第31页 |
| 2.4 Statistical analysis | 第31-32页 |
| CHAPTER 3 UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION STRATIGIES TO IMPROVE LIGNIN METABOLISM AND ITS RELATION WITH LODGING RESISTANCE IN MAIZE | 第32-47页 |
| 3.1 Weather conditions during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons | 第32-33页 |
| 3.2 Internode diameter and internode plumpness | 第33-34页 |
| 3.3 Plant and ear height | 第34-36页 |
| 3.4 Rind penetration strength | 第36-37页 |
| 3.5 Lignin content and activities of lignin-related enzymes in the third basal internode | 第37-42页 |
| 3.5.1 Lignin content | 第37-38页 |
| 3.5.2 Activities of lignin-related enzymes | 第38-42页 |
| 3.6 Lodging rate (%) | 第42-43页 |
| 3.7 Relationships between lignin content, activities of lignin related enzymes, lodging rate, and rind penetration strength | 第43页 |
| 3.8 Discussion | 第43-45页 |
| 3.9 Conclusion | 第45-47页 |
| CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF UNICONAZOLE IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE BY ENHANCING THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM AND DELAYING LEAF SENESCNECE | 第47-64页 |
| 4.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate | 第47-49页 |
| 4.2 Soluble protein content and lipid peroxidation | 第49-52页 |
| 4.3 Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) | 第52-56页 |
| 4.4 ROS | 第56-58页 |
| 4.5 Leaf area in the bottom, middle, and top layers | 第58-59页 |
| 4.6 Discussion | 第59-63页 |
| 4.7 Conclusion | 第63-64页 |
| CHAPTER 5 GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES RESPONSE OF MAIZE STIMULATED BY UNICONAZOLE APPLICATION | 第64-76页 |
| 5.1 Above dry matter accumulation plant~(-1) | 第64-65页 |
| 5.2 Dry matter accumulation in grains | 第65-66页 |
| 5.3 Grain filling | 第66-67页 |
| 5.4 Hormonal changes during grain filling process | 第67-70页 |
| 5.4.1 ABA content | 第67-68页 |
| 5.4.2 Z+ZR contents | 第68-69页 |
| 5.4.3 GAs content | 第69-70页 |
| 5.5 Ear characteristics, thousand kernel weight and grain yield | 第70-72页 |
| 5.6 Relationship between endogenous hormones content and grain filling characteristics | 第72页 |
| 5.7 Discussion | 第72-75页 |
| 5.8 Conclusion | 第75-76页 |
| CHAPTER 6 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISM | 第76-88页 |
| 6.1 Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate | 第76-78页 |
| 6.2 Soluble protein and MDA contents | 第78-79页 |
| 6.3 Antioxidant enzymes activities | 第79-82页 |
| 6.4 ROS | 第82-84页 |
| 6.5 Discussion | 第84-86页 |
| 6.6 Conclusion | 第86-88页 |
| CHAPTER 7 EFFECT OF UNICONAZOLE SOLE APPLICATION OR WITH ETHEPHON ON LATER GROWTH STAGES ON GRAIN FILLING AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES CONTENTS | 第88-101页 |
| 7.1 Dynamics of dry matter accumulations in grains in different ear positions | 第88-89页 |
| 7.2 Grain filling | 第89-91页 |
| 7.3 Hormonal changes | 第91-95页 |
| 7.3.1 ABA content | 第91-92页 |
| 7.3.2 Z+ZR contents | 第92-94页 |
| 7.3.3 GAs content | 第94-95页 |
| 7.4 Grain yield, thousand kernel weight and characters of ear | 第95-96页 |
| 7.5 Relationship between endogenous hormones contents and grain filling characteristics | 第96页 |
| 7.6 Discussion | 第96-100页 |
| 7.7 Conclusion | 第100-101页 |
| CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND MAIN CONCLUSION | 第101-103页 |
| REFERENCES | 第103-117页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 第117-118页 |
| ABOUT THE AUTHOUR | 第118-119页 |
| PUBLISHED PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS (SCI) | 第119-121页 |
