| 摘要 | 第7-10页 |
| Abstract | 第10-13页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction | 第14-23页 |
| 1.1 Plant based bio-pesticide | 第14-17页 |
| 1.1.1 Obtention of essential oils | 第14页 |
| 1.1.2 The growing concern about using essential oils | 第14-15页 |
| 1.1.3 Classification of plant pesticides | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2 Rice production and challenge in China | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3 Niphotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) | 第18-19页 |
| 1.4 Licossa pseudoannulata (Araneae:Lycosidae) | 第19-21页 |
| 1.5 Detoxification enzymes | 第21页 |
| 1.6 Objectives of this research | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ.Materials and Methods | 第23-36页 |
| 2.1 Insect colony | 第23页 |
| 2.2 Spider | 第23-24页 |
| 2.3 Essential oil extraction | 第24-26页 |
| 2.4 Essential oils dissolution | 第26页 |
| 2.5 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the laboratory | 第26-27页 |
| 2.6 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the greenhouse | 第27-28页 |
| 2.7 Repellency of some major compounds against adult and nymph leafhoppers in thelaboratory and greenhouse | 第28-29页 |
| 2.8 Enzyme activities of N. cincticeps after essential oil treatment | 第29页 |
| 2.9 Bioassay of essential oils on the natural enemy Licosa pseudoannulata in thelaboratory conditions | 第29-32页 |
| 2.10 Open field bioassays | 第32-34页 |
| 2.11 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)analysis | 第34-35页 |
| 2.12 Data analysis | 第35-36页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ.Results | 第36-64页 |
| 3.1 Laboratory assays | 第36-43页 |
| 3.1.1 Screening of twelve essential oils | 第36-39页 |
| 3.1.2 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the laboratory | 第39-43页 |
| 3.2 Greenhouse assays | 第43-47页 |
| 3.2.1 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the greenhouse | 第43-47页 |
| 3.3 GC-MS analysis | 第47-49页 |
| 3.4 Repellency of major compounds against leafhoppers in the laboratory andgreenhouse | 第49-54页 |
| 3.5 Enzyme activities | 第54-55页 |
| 3.6 Effect of essential oils on the spider Licosa pseudoannulata in the laboratory | 第55-61页 |
| 3.6.1 Chemotaxis assay | 第55-57页 |
| 3.6.2 Effect of essential oils on predation | 第57-61页 |
| 3.7 Open field assays | 第61-64页 |
| 3.7.1 Repellency effect of P. nigrum, L. cubeba and the mixture of two againstleafhoppers in the open field | 第61-62页 |
| 3.7.2 Behavioral response of L. pseudoannulata on P. nigrum, L. cubeba and themixture of two oils in field assay | 第62-64页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ. Discussion | 第64-74页 |
| 4.1 Effectiveness of essential oils in repelling the rice pest N. cincticeps | 第64-67页 |
| 4.2 Essential oil compositions | 第67页 |
| 4.3 Effect of chemical compounds | 第67-68页 |
| 4.4 Effect of essential oils on detoxification enzymes | 第68-69页 |
| 4.5 Effect of essential oils on spider | 第69-71页 |
| 4.6 Strength and challenge by using this strategy | 第71-73页 |
| 4.7 Limitation of the method | 第73-74页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusion and perspective | 第74-76页 |
| Reference cited | 第76-89页 |
| Pulications list | 第89-90页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第90-92页 |
