| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-13页 |
| CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION | 第13-26页 |
| 1. THE HONEYBEE | 第13-26页 |
| ·Origin and global distribution | 第13-14页 |
| ·Beekeeping | 第14-15页 |
| ·Bee products and their uses | 第15-18页 |
| ·Honey | 第15页 |
| ·Wax | 第15-16页 |
| ·Royal Jelly | 第16页 |
| ·Pollen | 第16-17页 |
| ·Other products | 第17页 |
| ·Pollination | 第17-18页 |
| ·Social organization and biology of the honeybee | 第18-24页 |
| ·Social organization | 第18-19页 |
| ·The biology of honeybee | 第19-20页 |
| ·Honeybee castes | 第20-21页 |
| ·The Queen honeybee | 第21-22页 |
| ·Worker | 第22-23页 |
| ·Drone | 第23-24页 |
| ·Research attempts towards caste differentiation | 第24-26页 |
| ·Observations and questions on honeybee castes | 第24页 |
| ·Research achievements | 第24-26页 |
| CHAPTER 2. MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION DURING HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.) QUEEN AND WORKER LARVAE CASTE DETERMINATION | 第26-62页 |
| ·SUMMARY | 第26-27页 |
| ·INTRODUCTION | 第27-28页 |
| ·OBJECTIVES | 第28页 |
| ·MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第28-32页 |
| ·Chemical Regents | 第28页 |
| ·Biological Samples | 第28-29页 |
| ·Protein Extraction and Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) | 第29页 |
| ·Image Acquisition and Statistics Analysis | 第29-30页 |
| ·Tryptic Digestion and Protein Identification by MS | 第30-31页 |
| ·Protein Subcellular Prediction and Classification | 第31页 |
| ·Functional Enrichment and Biological Network Analysis | 第31-32页 |
| ·Validation of Identified Proteins by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) | 第32页 |
| ·RESULTS | 第32-55页 |
| ·Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第32-34页 |
| ·Qualitative Comparisons of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第34-46页 |
| ·Quantitative Comparisons of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第46-49页 |
| ·Functional Enrichment | 第49-51页 |
| ·Biological Network Analysis | 第51-52页 |
| ·Validation of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第52-55页 |
| ·DISCUSSION | 第55-60页 |
| ·CONCLUSION | 第60-62页 |
| CHAPTER 3. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSIONS OF NUCLEAR PROTEOMES BETWEEN HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.) QUEEN AND WORKER PROSPECTIVE LARVAE DURING CASTE DETERMINATION | 第62-95页 |
| ·SUMMARY | 第62页 |
| ·INTRODUCTION | 第62-63页 |
| ·OBJECTIVE | 第63页 |
| ·MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第63-66页 |
| ·Chemical Reagents | 第63页 |
| ·Biological Samples | 第63-64页 |
| ·Protein Extraction and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) | 第64-65页 |
| ·Image Acquisition and Statistical Analysis | 第65页 |
| ·Trypsin Digestion for MS and Proteins by MS | 第65页 |
| ·Bioinformatics Analysis | 第65页 |
| ·Functional Enrichment and Biological Network Analysis | 第65页 |
| ·Validation of Identified Proteins by qRT-PCR | 第65-66页 |
| ·RESULTS | 第66-90页 |
| ·Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第66-79页 |
| ·Functional Classifications | 第79页 |
| ·Qualitative Comparisons of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第79-81页 |
| ·Quantitative Comparisons of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第81-84页 |
| ·Functional Enrichment | 第84-86页 |
| ·Biological Network Analysis | 第86-87页 |
| ·Validation of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第87-90页 |
| ·DISCUSSION | 第90-94页 |
| ·CONCLUSION | 第94-95页 |
| CHAPTER 4. DIFFERENTIAL PROTEINS EXPRESSION ANALYSIS DETECTED HONEYBEE QUEEN AND WORKER INTENDED LARVAE ON DIFFERENT PATHWAYS AT 48 HOURS | 第95-110页 |
| ·SUMMARY | 第95-96页 |
| ·INTRODUCTION | 第96-97页 |
| ·OBJECTIVES | 第97页 |
| ·MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第97-98页 |
| ·Chemical Reagents | 第97页 |
| ·Biological Samples | 第97页 |
| ·Protein Extraction and Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) | 第97-98页 |
| ·Image Acquisition and Statistical Analysis | 第98页 |
| ·Trypsin Digestion for MS | 第98页 |
| ·Identification of Proteins by MS | 第98页 |
| ·Protein classification | 第98页 |
| ·RESULTS | 第98-106页 |
| ·Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第98-99页 |
| ·Functional Annotation of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第99-100页 |
| ·Qualitative Comparisons of Differentially Expressed Proteins | 第100-106页 |
| ·DISCUSSION | 第106-108页 |
| ·CONCLUSION | 第108-110页 |
| CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSION | 第110-112页 |
| REFERENCES | 第112-127页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第127-128页 |
| AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY | 第128-130页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATIONS | 第130-132页 |
| Publications in press | 第132-133页 |
| Appendix | 第133-134页 |
