| 摘要 | 第2-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-6页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-14页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第10-11页 |
| 1.2 Significance of the Study | 第11-13页 |
| 1.3 Organization of the Thesis | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第14-33页 |
| 2.1 Definitions of Discourse Markers | 第14-16页 |
| 2.2 Classification of Discourse Markers | 第16-17页 |
| 2.3 Studies on Discourse Markers Abroad | 第17-25页 |
| 2.3.1 The Discourse-Coherence-Based Perspective | 第18-19页 |
| 2.3.2 The Grammatical-Pragmatic Perspective | 第19-20页 |
| 2.3.3 The Cognitive-pragmatic Perspective | 第20-25页 |
| 2.4 Studies on Discourse Markers in China | 第25-29页 |
| 2.5 General Knowledge of Impromptu Speech | 第29-33页 |
| 2.5.1 Features of impromptu speech | 第29-30页 |
| 2.5.2 Studies on Impromptu Speech | 第30-33页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework | 第33-41页 |
| 3.1 A General Introduction to Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory | 第33-34页 |
| 3.2 Three Properties of language | 第34-35页 |
| 3.3 Four Angles of Investigation | 第35-38页 |
| 3.4 Metapragmatic Awareness | 第38-39页 |
| 3.5 Relation between Discourse Markers and Metapragmatic Awareness | 第39-41页 |
| Chapter Four Methodology | 第41-46页 |
| 4.1 Research Questions | 第41页 |
| 4.2 Data Collection | 第41-42页 |
| 4.3 Methodology | 第42-46页 |
| Chapter Five Results and Discussion | 第46-78页 |
| 5.1 Quantitative Results for Discourse Markers in Impromptu Speech | 第46-52页 |
| 5.1.1 Frequencies of Discourse Markers in Impromptu Speech | 第46-52页 |
| 5.2 Adaptation-theoretic Account for Discourse Markers in Impromptu Speech | 第52-61页 |
| 5.2.1 Discourse Markers as the Results of Linguistic Choices | 第53-56页 |
| 5.2.2 Analysis of the Dynamic Adaptability of Discourse Markers | 第56-61页 |
| 5.2.2.1 Adaptation to Physical World | 第57-58页 |
| 5.2.2.2 Adaptation to Social World | 第58-59页 |
| 5.2.2.3 Adaptation to Mental World | 第59-61页 |
| 5.3 Metapragmatic Functions of Discourse Markers in Utterance Production | 第61-78页 |
| 5.3.1 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Coherence | 第61-66页 |
| 5.3.2 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Result and Effect | 第66-69页 |
| 5.3.3 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Information and Participation | 第69-72页 |
| 5.3.4 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Temporal Adverbs | 第72-74页 |
| 5.3.5 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Response | 第74-76页 |
| 5.3.6 Discourse Markers as Indicators of Information Management | 第76-78页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第78-84页 |
| 6.1 Major Findings | 第78-80页 |
| 6.2 Implications | 第80-82页 |
| 6.3 Limitations of the Study | 第82-83页 |
| 6.4 Suggestions for Further Study | 第83-84页 |
| Bibliography | 第84-88页 |
| Appendix | 第88-93页 |
| Published Papers | 第93-94页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第94-95页 |
