| ABSTRACT | 第9-12页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第15-21页 |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第21-28页 |
| 2.1 Antimicrobial Growth Promoter(AGP) | 第21页 |
| 2.1.1 Biological roles of antimicrobials | 第21页 |
| 2.2 Alternatives replacement for antibiotic growth promoters | 第21-22页 |
| 2.3 Probiotics as alternative to antibiotics | 第22-23页 |
| 2.4 Mechanism of probiotics action | 第23-25页 |
| 2.5 Effects of enteric disease on broiler production | 第25-26页 |
| 2.6 Roles of gut microbiota in Broiler chickens | 第26-27页 |
| 2.7 Efficacy of probiotics on Clostridium perfringens infected broiler | 第27-28页 |
| CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH RELATED PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKEN CHALLENGED WITH C.perfringens INDUCED NE | 第28-42页 |
| 3.1 Objectives of the study | 第28页 |
| 3.2 Experiment procedure | 第28-32页 |
| 3.2.1 Ethical statement | 第28-29页 |
| 3.2.2 Birds and Diets | 第29-31页 |
| 3.2.3 Clostridium perfringens Challenge | 第31页 |
| 3.2.4 Sample Collection and Determination of Jejunum Lesion Score | 第31-32页 |
| 3.2.5 Intestinal Morphological Examination | 第32页 |
| 3.3 RESULTS | 第32-35页 |
| 3.4 DISCUSSION | 第35-37页 |
| 3.5 CONCLUSION | 第37-42页 |
| CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF DIETARY PROBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC ON MUCOSAL BARRIER TIGHT JUNCTION mRNA EXPRESSION,NUTRIENT TRANSPORTERS mRNA EXPRESSION AND CYTOKINES mRNA GENES EXPRESSION OF BROILER CHICKEN CHALLENGED WITH C.perfringens INDUCED NE | 第42-61页 |
| Objectives | 第42页 |
| 4.1 Experimental animal | 第42-43页 |
| 4.2 RNA Isolation and Quantitative RT-PCR for relative expression | 第43-46页 |
| 4.3 RESULTS | 第46-55页 |
| 4.3.1 Tight Junction proteins mRNA expression | 第46-48页 |
| 4.3.2 Relative expression levels of sugars transporters | 第48-49页 |
| 4.3.3 Relative expression level of amino acids and peptides transporters | 第49-52页 |
| 4.3.4 mRNA Relative Expression Level of Cytokines Related genes | 第52-55页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第55-59页 |
| 4.5 Conclusion | 第59-61页 |
| CHAPTER 5 EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC ON THE SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS,CECAL MICROBIOME AND NOXIOUS GAS EMISSION OF BROILER CHICKEN CHALLENGED WITH C.perfringens INDUCED NE | 第61-76页 |
| Objectives | 第61页 |
| 5.1 Cecal Short Chain Fatty Acid Analysis | 第61-62页 |
| 5.2 DNA extraction and Cecal Bacterial Determination for Absolute qPCR | 第62-64页 |
| 5.3 Collection of Fecal Sample and Gas Measurements | 第64页 |
| 5.4 Statistical analysis | 第64-65页 |
| 5.5 Results | 第65-69页 |
| 5.5.1 Cecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Concentration | 第65页 |
| 5.5.2 Effect of antibiotic and dietary probiotics supplementation on Fecal NH3 and H2S | 第65-66页 |
| 5.5.3 Cecal Microbial Populations Detected by Absolute qPCR | 第66-69页 |
| 5.6 Discussion | 第69-74页 |
| 5.7 Conclusion | 第74-76页 |
| CHAPTER 6 EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC ON CECAL MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF BROILER CHICKEN CHALLENGED WITH Clostridium perfringens INDUCED NE | 第76-87页 |
| Objectives | 第76页 |
| 6.1 Metagenomic Sequencing | 第76-78页 |
| 6.1.1 DNA extraction,sequencing and quality control | 第76-77页 |
| 6.1.2 Abundance analysis and Species annotation | 第77-78页 |
| 6.1.3 Species abundance clustering and abundance analysis | 第78页 |
| 6.1.4 Functional annotation and abundance analysis | 第78页 |
| 6.2 Results | 第78-84页 |
| 6.2.1 Data and sequencing | 第78-79页 |
| 6.2.2 Variation of cecal Microbiome | 第79-81页 |
| 6.2.3 Comparison between total bacterial species at genus level | 第81-82页 |
| 6.2.4 Functional prediction of cecal Microbiota | 第82-84页 |
| 6.3 Discussion | 第84-86页 |
| 6.4 Conclusion | 第86-87页 |
| CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY AND GENARAL CONCLUSION | 第87-93页 |
| REFERENCES | 第93-105页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第105-106页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第106-107页 |
| CURRICULUM VITAE | 第107-109页 |
